Chap 17 - Eyes and Ears Review Flashcards
pupil
Open center of the iris through which light rays enter
conjunctiva
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
cornea
Fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
sclera
Tough, white outer layer of the eyeball.
choroid
Vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the
iris
iris
Colored portion of the eye; surrounds the pupil
ciliary body
Contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and
secretes aqueous humor
lens
Transparent structure behind the iris and in front of
the vitreous humor; it refracts light rays onto the
retina.
retina
Contains sensitive cells called rods and cones that
transform light energy into nerve impulses.
vitreous humor
Jelly-like material behind the lens that helps maintain
the shape of the eyeball
The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina is the _____________ .
optic disk
The normal adjustment of the lens (becoming fatter) to bring an object into focus for near vision on the retina is ___________ .
accommodation
A yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc is the ____________ .
macula
The tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision is the ___________ .
fovea centralis
The bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye is ____________________ .
refraction
The point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain is the _____________ .
optic chiasm
The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make the perception of color possible are the _____________ .
cones
The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make vision in dim light possible are the ______________ .
rods
The _______________ is the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.
anterior chamber
The posterior, inner part of the eye is the _______________ .
fundus
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue over the eyeball
cornea
space and fluid in the front of the eye
anterior chamber and aqueous humor
central opening of the iris
pupil
transparent, biconvex body that refracts light rays
lens
space and soft, jelly-like material in the posterior (back) of eye
vitreous chamber and vitreous humor
light-sensitive inner nerve cell layer; rods and cones
retina
cranial nerve
optic nerve fibers
area of brain where optic nerve fibers cross
optic chiasm
relay center of the brain
thalamus
visual region of the brain
cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)
optic nerve
cranial nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain
biconvex
having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly
anisocoria
condition of pupils of unequal (anis/o) size
cycloplegic
pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles
palpebral
pertaining to the eyelid
mydriasis
condition of enlargement of the pupil
miosis
condition of constriction of the pupil
papilledema
swelling in the region of the optic disc
photophobia
condition of sensitivity to (“fear of ”) light
scotoma
blind spot; area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision
inflammation of an eyelid
blepharitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
inflammation of a tear gland
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the iris
iritis
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
inflammation of the white of the eye
scleritis
inflammation of the retina
retinitis
prolapse of the eyelid
blepharoptosis
pertaining to tears
lacrimal
pertaining to within the eye
intraocular
fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from infection
corneal ulcer
inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
uveitis
condition of dry eyes
xerophthalmia
absence of vision in half of the visual field
hemianopsia
eye abnormally turns outward
exotropia
medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes
ophthalmologist
nonmedical professional who can examine eyes and prescribe glasses
optometrist
nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses
optician
absence of the lens of the eye
aphakia
eye abnormally turns inward
esotropia
amblyopia
decreased (dim) vision; lazy eye (resulting from strabismus and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood)
hyperopia
farsightedness
presbyopia
decreased vision at near, resulting from old age
myopia
nearsightedness
nyctalopia
night blindness; decreased vision at night
diplopia
double vision
astigmatism
defective curvature of the lens and cornea leading to blurred vision
In the myopic eye, light rays do not focus properly on the _________ . Either the eyeball is too ________ or the refractive power of the lens is too __________ , so that the image is blurred and comes to a focus in __________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an _____________ lens.
retina; long; strong; front; concave
In the hyperopic eye, the eyeball is too __________ or the refractive power of the lens too __________ , so that the image is blurred and focused in _____________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an __________ lens.
short; weak; back; convex
A miotic is a drug that ____________ the pupil of the eye.
constricts
A mydriatic is a drug that ___________ the pupil of the eye.
dilates
retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization occur secondary to an abnormal endocrine condition
diabetic retinopathy
two layers of the retina separate from each other
retinal detachment
abnormal deviations of the eye occur (esotropia and exotropia)
strabismus
clouding of the lens causes decreased vision
cataract
loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina
macular degeneration
localized, purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
hordeolum (stye)
small, firm, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland
chalazion
increased intraocular pressure results in optic nerve damage
glaucoma
pigmented scarring forms throughout the retina
retinitis pigmentosa
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
nystagmus
Stroke (hemianopsia)
loss of half of the visual field caused by a stroke affecting the left visual cortex
Glaucoma
loss of peripheral vision first (darkness around the edges of the picture)
Cataract
causes blurred vision
lacrim/o
tears
dacry/o
tears
kerat/o
cornea
corne/o
cornea
blephar/o
eyelid
palpebr/o
eyelid
cor/o
pupil
pupill/o
pupil
phac/o
lens
phak/o
lens
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
eye
scot/o
darkness
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, and it is aspirated from the eye
phacoemulsification
test of clearness of vision
visual acuity test
measurement of tension or pressure within the eye; glaucoma test
tonometry
high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging
laser photocoagulation
a laser removes corneal tissue (sculpts it) to correct myopia
LASIK
intravenous injection of dye followed by photographs of the eye through dilated pupils
fluorescein angiography
suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment
scleral buckle
test to measure central and peripheral vision (area within which objects are seen) when the eyes are looking straight ahead
visual field test
removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye
vitrectomy
visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil
ophthalmoscopy
use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye
slit lamp microscopy
corneal transplant surgery
keratoplasty
transmission of sound wave to the brain from the outer ear
- pinna (auricle)
- external auditory canal
- tympanic membrane
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
- oval window
- cochlea
- auditory liquids and receptors
- auditory nerve fibers
- cerebral cortex
labyrinth
cochlea and organs of equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule)
semicircular canals
organ of equilibrium in the inner ear
auditory (eustachian) tube
passageway between the middle ear and the throat
stapes
third ossicle (little bone) of the middle ear
organ of Corti
region in the cochlea that contains auditory receptors
perilymph and endolymph
auditory fluids circulating within the inner ear
cerumen
wax in the external auditory meatus
vestibule
central cavity of the inner ear that connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea
oval window
delicate membrane between the middle and the inner ears
tympanic membrane
eardrum
instrument to examine the ear
otoscope
removal of the third bone of the middle ear
stapedectomy
pertaining to the auditory tube and throat
salpingopharyngeal
flow of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
instrument to measure hearing
audiometer
incision of the eardrum
myringotomy (tympanotomy)
surgical repair of the eardrum
tympanoplasty (myringoplasty)
deafness due to old age
presbycusis
small ear
microtia
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
Meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth marked by elevation of ear fluids and pressure within the cochlea (tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea result)
otosclerosis
hardening in the bony tissue of the ossicles of the middle ear
tinnitus
noise (ringing, buzzing) in the ears
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the
middle ear
suppurative otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear with bacterial infection and pus collection
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)
myringitis
inflammation of the eardrum
ENG
electronystagmography; a test of balance
AS
L ear
AD
R ear
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
ENT
ears, nose, and throat
PE tube
pressure-equalizing tube; ventilating tube placed in the
eardrum
acous/o
hearing
ambly/o
dim, dull
anis/o
unequal
aque/o
water
audi/o
hearing
audit/o
hearing
aur/o
ear
auricul/o
ear
cochle/o
cochlea (inner part of ear)
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva (lines the eyelids)
cycl/o
ciliary body of eye; cycle; circle
dipl/o
double
glauc/o
gray
ir/o
iris (colored portion of eye)
irid/o
iris (colored portion of eye)
mastoid/o
mastoid process (behind the ear)
mi/o
smaller, less
myc/o
fungus
mydr/o
wide
myring/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
nyct/o
night
optic/o
eye; vision
ossicul/o
ossicle (small bone)
ot/o
ear
papill/o
optic disc (disk); nipple-like
phot/o
light
presby/o
old age
retin/o
retina
salping/o
auditory (eustachian) tube
scler/o
sclera (white of eye); hard
staped/o
stapes (middle ear bone)
tympan/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum); middle ear
uve/o
uvea, vascular layer of eye (iris, choroid, ciliary body)
vestibul/o
vestibule of the inner ear
vitre/o
glass
xer/o
dry
-acusis
hearing
-cusis
hearing
-meter
measure
-opia
vision condition
-opsia
vision condition
-otia
ear condition
-phobia
fear
-plegic
pertaining to paralysis; palsy
-tropia
to turn
