Chap 16 - Skin Textbook Flashcards
Epidermis
a thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin
squamous epithelium
Dermis
dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; containing collagen
Subcutaneous layer
thick, fat-containing tissue
adipocyte
fat cell
albino
person w/ skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
apocrine sweat gland
One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas.
basal layer
Deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells.
collagen
Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue.
cuticle
Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
dermis
Middle layer of the skin
eccrine sweat gland
Most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin.
epidermis
Outermost layer of the skin
epithelium
Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body.
hair follicle
Sac within which each hair grows
integumentary system
The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
keratin
Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. Keratin means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals.
lunula
Half-moon–shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail.
melanin
Skin pigment. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis. Eumelanin is brown-black pigment, while pheomelanin is red-yellow.
paronychium
Soft tissue surrounding the nail border.
pore
Tiny opening on the surface of the skin.
sebaceous gland
Oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles.
sebum
Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
squamous epithelium
Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis.
stratified
Arranged in layers.
stratum
A layer (of cells).
stratum corneum
Outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells.
subcutaneous layer
Innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue.
adip/o
fat
albin/o
white
caus/o
burn, burning
cauter/o
heat, burn
cutane/o
skin
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
diaphro/o
profuse sweating
erythem/o, erythemat/o
redness
hidr/o
sweat
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
kerat/o
hard
leuk/o
white
lip/o
fat
melan/o
black
anthrac/o
black (as coal)
chlor/o
green
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
cyan/o
blue
eosin/o
rosy
erythr/o
red
jaund/o
yellow
lute/o
yellow
poli/o
gray
xanth/o
yellow
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
nail
phyt/o
plant
pil/o
hair
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
seb/o
sebum
squam/o
scale-like
steat/o
fat
trich/o
hair
ungu/o
nail
xer/o
dry
crust
Collection of dried serum and cellular debris. (scab)
cyst
Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
erosion
Wearing away or loss of epidermis (bed sore)
fissure
Groove or crack-like sore.
macule
Flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter.
nodule
Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter
papule
Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin.
polyp
Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane.
pustule
Papule containing pus.
ulcer
Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion).
vesicle
Small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister.
wheal
Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin. (TB test, hives)
alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
ecchymosis, ecchymoses
Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin.
petechia, petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
pruritus
itching
acne
Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum.
burns
Injury to tissues caused by heat contact.
first-degree burns
superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and
no blisters.
second-degree burns
epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia
third-degree burns
injury)—epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin), and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
cellulitis
Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions (assoc w/ allergies)
exanthematous viral diseases
Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection. (rubella, measles, varicella, hand-foot-and mouth disease)
gangrene
death of tissue assoc w/ loss of blood supplya
impetigo
Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions.
psoriasis
Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
scabies
Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus.
scleroderma
Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue.
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs.
tinea
infection of the skin caused by a fungus
urticaria (hives)
Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin.
vitilligo
Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches).
callus
Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction.
keloid
Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision.
keratosis
Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage.
leukoplakia
White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
nevus, nevi
Pigmented lesion of the skin
verruca, verrucae
Epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus.
basal cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis.
squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis.
malignant melanoma
Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes.
Kaposi sarcoma
Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules.
bacterial analyses
Samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms.
fungal tests
Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination.
cryosurgery
Use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
curettage
Use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion.
electrodesiccation
Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.
Mohs surgery
Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection.
skin biopsy
Suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist.
skin test
Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed.
ABCDE
asymmetry (of shape), border (irregularity), color (variation within one lesion), diameter (greater than 6 mm), evolution (change)— characteristics associated with melanoma
hair
cells filled w/ hard protein keratin
nails
hard keratin plates covering the toes and fingers
