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PSYC Lifespan > CHAP 17 DEATH > Flashcards

CHAP 17 DEATH Flashcards

1
Q

Death occurs when a person’s vital functions permanently stop.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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2
Q

With technological advances, the line between life and death becomes more complicated.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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3
Q

Absence of brain activity is determined by the EEG (electroencephalogram).

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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4
Q

The term irreversible coma was introduced as a medical diagnosis referencing ________________ death.

a. brain
b. interim
c. primary
d. secondary

A

a. brain

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5
Q

Diagnosis of “irreversible coma” requires ruling out a:

a. persistent vegetative state.
b. minimally conscious state.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

A

c. both a and b

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6
Q

One factor that can be used to determine death is an irreversible cessation of:

a. circulatory and respiratory function.
b. all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem.
c. either a or b
d. neither a nor b

A

c. either a or b

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7
Q

Individuals who are “brain dead” can continue to grow, digest nutrients, and even carry a fetus to term.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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8
Q

In a(n) ___________________, an individual has coma-like symptoms, but low-level wakefulness can be observed on EEG.

a. minimally conscious state
b. persistent vegetative state
c. irreversible coma
d. brain death

A

a. minimally conscious state

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9
Q

In a(n) ______________________,an individual may appear to have coma-like symptoms, but also shows some signs of deliberate behavior.

a. minimally conscious state
b. persistent vegetative state
c. irreversible coma
d. brain death

A

b. persistent vegetative state

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10
Q

When an individual is declared “brain dead,” the criteria are validated again after ____ hours to confirm.

a. 12
b. 24
c. 48
d. 72

A

b. 24

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11
Q

Criteria used to declare that irreversible coma cannot be used to confirm death in exceptional cases, such as:

a. hypothermia.
b. narcotic-induced CNS dysfunction.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

A

c. both a and b

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12
Q

The leading causes of death in the United States are heart disease and cancer.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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13
Q

In the United States, the leading causes of death are the same in child and adult age groups.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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14
Q

The leading causes of death are the same in low-income and high-income countries.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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15
Q

The leading cause of death in low-income countries is respiratory diseases.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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16
Q

Worldwide, most deaths can be attributed to:

a. noncommunicable causes.
b. communicable causes.
c. HIV/AIDS.
d. food-borne illnesses

A

a. noncommunicable causes.

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17
Q

Noncommunicable causes of death, such as ___________________, can’t directly be passed from person to person.

a. heart disease
b. cancer
c. respiratory diseases
d. all of the choices

A

c. respiratory diseases

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18
Q

The influence of wealth on health is illustrated in differences in the leading causes of death in low-income versus high-income countries. The wealth of a nation is particularly valuable in that it is associated with:

a. prevention and protection from curable diseases and illnesses.
b. interventions that reduce incidence of death due to heart disease.
c. novel cancer treatments.
d. reducing deaths due to childhood diseases.

A

a. prevention and protection from curable diseases and illnesses.

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19
Q

The United States, a high-income country, is relatively good at preventing death due to respiratory distress and communicable diseases. However, prevention of deaths in the United States requires a different health care and prevention lens, one that focuses on:

a. healthy lifestyle choices: stress reduction, regular exercise, healthy eating.
b. taking the appropriate medications.
c. genetic screenings for cancer.
d. early interventions in cancer cases.

A

a. healthy lifestyle choices: stress reduction, regular exercise, healthy eating.

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20
Q

People who sign a do not resuscitate (DNR) order ask that no measures be taken to keep them alive if their heart stops beating.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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21
Q

Euthanasia refers to the practice of terminating someone’s life in a painless manner.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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22
Q

Advance directives provide written instructions about the type of funeral a person wishes to have after death.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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23
Q

. The “right to die” refers exclusively to suicide.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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24
Q

The Patients’ Bill of Rights covers laws related to personal control over death and dying:

a. in the United States.
b. around the world.
c. in technology-rich countries.
d. in technology-poor countries.

A

a. in the United States.

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25
Q

The Patients’ Bill of Rights outlines the actions an individual wants taken in the event:

a. a terminal illness is diagnosed.
b. end-of-life decisions need to be made.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

A

c. both a and b

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26
Q

Euthanasia may be voluntary or involuntary.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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27
Q

The practice of either withholding or withdrawing treatment from a terminally ill person, thus ending life through natural causes, is known as:

a. active euthanasia.
b. passive euthanasia.
c. persistent vegetative state.
d. minimally conscious state.

A

b. passive euthanasia.

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28
Q

The practice of directly effecting cause of death through outside sources such as lethal drugs is known as:

a. active euthanasia.
b. passive euthanasia.
c. persistent vegetative state.
d. minimally conscious state.

A

a. active euthanasia.

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29
Q

Access to advanced technologies introduces challenges to traditions and cultural practices related to death and dying due to:

a. increased opportunity to control the process of dying.
b. decreased opportunity to experience natural death.
c. decreased ability to predict cause of death.
d. increased ability to predict cause of death.

A

a. increased opportunity to control the process of dying.

30
Q

When Mary signed a _______________ order, she let her family know that no measures should be taken if her heart stops beating.

a. euthanasia
b. do not resuscitate (DNR)
c. Patients’ Bill of Rights
d. advance directive

A

b. do not resuscitate (DNR)

31
Q

The concept of death rests on four dimensions of understanding.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

32
Q

Irreversibility of death refers to the concept that:

a. once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
b. death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
c. everything dies; death is inevitable.
d. everything dies due to some type of biological process.

A

a. once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.

33
Q

Adolescents are increasingly likely to understand the concept of nonfunctionality as one feature of death:

a. Once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
b. Death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
c. Everything dies; death is inevitable.
d. Everything dies due to some type of biological process.

A

b. Death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.

34
Q

Universality is one dimension of understanding death; knowing that:

a. once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
b. death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
c. everything dies; death is inevitable.
d. everything dies due to some type of biological process.

A

c. everything dies; death is inevitable.

35
Q

Causality is one dimension of understanding death; knowing that:

a. once something or someone dies, they cannot come back to life.
b. death ends all functions, such as talking, breathing, and social interaction.
c. everything dies; death is inevitable.
d. everything dies due to some type of biological process.

A

d. everything dies due to some type of biological process.

36
Q

. As adolescents become more cognitively aware of the meaning of death, they are also experiencing maturation with respect to their feelings about death, which developmentalists recognize by studying the changes in _________________ they report about death.

a. anxiety and depression
b. depression and substance use
c. anxiety and fear
d. depression and fear

A

c. anxiety and fear

37
Q

Negative beliefs about death may influence the way adolescents understand death. Fear of death is a conscious emotion and may be universal, whereas underlying, uneasy feelings about the possibility that death may occur—____________________—is not universal nor part of conscious awareness.

a. predictability of death
b. cost versus benefits of death
c. death anxiety
d. death distress

A

c. death anxiety

38
Q

Older adults report ______________ than younger adults.

a. less death anxiety
b. more death anxiety
c. fewer health problems at time of death
d. a greater number of health problems at time of death

A

a. less death anxiety

39
Q

Ethel’s funeral triggered painful feelings for her friends and family. Her 5-year-old grand daughter believed that Ethel ________________, while her 15-year-old grand-daughter knew this was not the case.

a. would still be able to come to her birthday party
b. died due to biological causes
c. would have died sooner or later
d. had stopped talking, breathing, and interacting with others

A

a. would still be able to come to her birthday party

40
Q

Adolescents understand death differently depending on their ability to invoke:

a. postformal reasoning.
b. formal operational thinking.
c. coping mechanisms.
d. defense mechanisms.

A

b. formal operational thinking.

41
Q

In the most well-known model of dying, there are five distinct stages.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

42
Q

Kübler-Ross’s stages of dying explain the process a terminal patient goes through near death and the same stages apply to the experiences of people who lose a loved one.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

43
Q

All people go through the five stages of dying in a predictable, linear sequence.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

44
Q

The first stage of dying, according to Kubler-Ross’s model, is:

a. anger
b. bargaining
c. denial
d. acceptance

A

c. denial

45
Q

In the anger stage, individuals facing the need to integrate the idea that he or she is dying are likely to get angry with:

a. a doctor or nurse.
b. a loved one.
c. him- or herself.
d. any or all of these choices

A

d. any or all of these choices

46
Q

. When an individual “bargains” during the dying process, the person tries to find a way to make the disease:

a. a source of comfort.
b. harmless.
c. a welcome process.
d. go away.

A

d. go away.

47
Q

. With hospice care, the primary goal is to:

a. ensure family and friends are available.
b. ensure that the person is in familiar surroundings.
c. reduce discomfort.
d. reduce delusions.

A

c. reduce discomfort.

48
Q

Hospice care has become ___________________ over the past several decades.

a. increasingly uncommon for all patients
b. increasingly common for all patients
c. available to lower SES patients
d. available to higher SES patients

A

b. increasingly common for all patients

49
Q

The maximum time patients spend in hospice care is generally capped at _________ months.

a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

A

c. 6

50
Q

When Barrett went into hospice care, his family was aware that death:

a. was inevitable; they just didn’t know when.
b. would be within 3 weeks.
c. would be within 3 months.
d. was unpredictable.

A

a. was inevitable; they just didn’t know when.

51
Q

Given that you know Patrice received the following care—morphine, visits from the chaplain, and 24/7 heart rate monitoring—it is most likely she is receiving _________________ care.

a. interventive
b. hospice
c. in-home
d. preventive

A

b. hospice

52
Q

Grief is an intense emotional response to loss.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

53
Q

People experience grief only in response to the loss of a friend or family member.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

54
Q

The key factor that triggers the grief response is the perception of loss of contact and interaction.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

55
Q

Greif responses are:

a. cognitive.
b. emotional.
c. physiological.
d. all of the choices

A

d. all of the choices

56
Q

Although the time it takes to grieve the loss of a loved one varies from person to person, ______ months is considered a reasonable and normal timeframe.

a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 12

A

b. 6

57
Q

The normal grief process is filled with a sense of __________________to be with the loved one.

a. unfulfilled need
b. wanting to go back in time
c. slowing down time
d. speeding up time

A

a. unfulfilled need

58
Q

____________________ is a pathological form of grieving that tends to last longer than normal grieving and is accompanied by impaired social interaction.

a. Complex PTSD
b. Complicated grief
c. Bereavement
d. Mourning

A

b. Complicated grief

59
Q

____________________ involves the customs, rituals, and personal transformations that occur after a loved one dies.

a. Complex PTSD
b. Complicated grief
c. Bereavement
d. Mourning

A

d. Mourning

60
Q

. ____________________refers to the specific behaviors involved in bereavement.

a. Mourning
b. Cultural customs
c. Social norms
d. Cultural mourning

A

a. Mourning

61
Q

One risk factor associated with an increased likelihood that a person will experience complicated grief is:

a. personally seeing a loved one die a traumatic death.
b. having low social support.
c. insecure attachment.
d. all of the choices

A

d. all of the choices

62
Q

Death of a child is associated with an increased risk for complicated grief, sometimes this grieving process lasts:

a. 1–2 years.
b. 5–6 years.
c. 8–10 years.
d. a lifetime

A

d. a lifetime

63
Q

There is a difference between normal grief and major depressive disorder.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

64
Q

Grief involves feelings of emptiness and loss.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

65
Q

For some, normal grief involves positive feelings, even humor.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

66
Q

Above all else, mourning is a(n) ___________________process.

a. individual
b. independent
c. universal
d. predictable

A

a. individual

67
Q

Culture plays an important role in the experience of death and dying between different countries. The extent to which death is _________________ is one source of cross-cultural variation.

a. public
b. private
c. ritualized
d. religious

A

c. ritualized

68
Q

When grief takes a turn into non-normative territory, ______________________ is a common diagnosis when a person experiences complicated grief.

a. major depressive disorder
b. anxiety disorder
c. substance use disorder
d. all of the choices

A

a. major depressive disorder

69
Q

The following is a symptom of major depressive disorder:

a. the inability to anticipate happiness or pleasure.
b. self-critical or pessimistic ruminations.
c. feelings of self-worthlessness and self-loathing.
d. all of the choices

A

d. all of the choices

70
Q

Following a death, when an individual holds on to general feelings of self-esteem, this suggests that she does not meet the criteria for:

a. major depressive disorder.
b. anxiety disorder.
c. substance use disorder.
d. all of the choices

A

a. major depressive disorder.

71
Q

Culture plays an important role in the experience of death and dying between different countries. The extent to which death is _________________ is one source of cross-cultural variation.

a. public
b. private
c. ritualized
d. religious

A

c. ritualized

72
Q

In the final moments of life, an individual reaches:

a. the final moments of lifespan human development.
b. the end of the self-development process.
c. conclusions about the life that was led.
d. all of the choicesse

A

d. all of the choicesse

PSYC Lifespan (9 decks)

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