chap 12 Flashcards
microscope should be __ w/c image should remain in focus even objectives are changed
parfocal
has visible light passes through specimen and has glass lenses and focus light ray
light microscope
to effectively visualize cells through light microscopy at least ___ of specimen are required
10 raised 5 cells per milliliter
unit for the size of bacteria
micrometer
within eyepiece lens of light microscope
ocular micrometer
measure of relative velocity
refractive index
most common light microscope
brightfield microscope- produces dark image despite of the brighter bg
magnification lens of brightfield M
ocular (eyepiece) = 10x
objectives: low power = 10x
high power= 40x
oil immersion=100x
enhance resolution of microscope
cedar wood oil
fill space between objective lens and glass slides
cedar wood oil
prevent light rays
cedar wood oil
resolution is determined by
numerical aperture and wavelength of light
It permits a detailed examination of internalstructures in livingorganisms.
phase contrast microscope
usedtoidentify medicallysignificantfungigrownin a culture.
phase contrast microscope
usedtoidentify medicallysignificantfungigrownin a culture.
phase contrast microscope
Staining is not includedin this type of microscopy, hence, it canbe used to examine unstained living cells.
phase contrast microscope
It has the same magnification as the dark-field microscope.
phase contrast microscope
involves the excitation of fluorochromes using light.
fluoroscence microscope
fluoroscence microscope magnification and designed to observe
10x to 400x
chlamydia
legionella
mycobacteria
fungi
examples of fluorochrome dye
auramine and rhodamine
uses a dark field condenser that blocks light that will enter the objective directly.
It directs the lightto hit the specimen at an oblique anglewhich makes all other light that passes through the specimen miss the objective, thus, creating a “dark field” while
the organisms appear extremely bright.
dark field microscope
It examines unstained microorganisms suspended in liquid against a dark background. and utilized for ___
dark field microscope
spirochetes (treponema pallidum)
detects living microorganisms that are invisible under ordinary light.
darkfield microscope
utilizes electrons instead of light to visualize small objects.
It has electromagnetic fields insteadof lenses to form a n image on a fluorescent screen.
electron microscope
has a built-in camera to capture imagesof the cells in black-and-white transmission electron micrographs.
electron microscope
It is ideal for studyingthe morphology ofbacteria
electron microscope
fixative used for electron microscopes are ___
dehydrating agent are ___
glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide
alcohol or acetone
It allows the visualization of the internalstructures of cells.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
has the greatest resolution that is approximately 1,000 times higher than the light microscope.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
used to examine verythin specimens and microorganisms since itcanmagnify’ specimena milliontimes.
transmission electron microscope
transmission electron microscope resolving power and magnification
0.2 nm
150,000x to 10 million x
scans thesurface of the cells or specimens.
Inthismicroscope,thespecimenis positionedat thebottom of the column.
scanning electron microscope
resolving and magnification of scanning EM
200 nm
20x to 10,000 x
It is technology that utilizes thescience of staining like the Gram reaction and capture the cellular images throughweb-basedinterface.
It uses an automated microscope and the interface to present images on screen or computer monitor. ex:
digital microscopy
Leica and pathXL
