chap 10

Question 1

What is the nature of motivation?

Answer 1

Motivation is the internal and external forces that drive individuals to take action toward achieving goals.

Question 2

What is the difference between process and content perspectives of motivation?

Answer 2

1. Content perspectives: Focus on what motivates individuals (e.g., Maslow’s hierarchy).
2. Process perspectives: Focus on how motivation occurs (e.g., expectancy theory).

Question 3

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 3

A motivation theory with five levels: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

Question 4

What is Herzberg’s two-factor theory?

Answer 4

1. Hygiene factors: Prevent dissatisfaction (e.g., salary, working conditions).
2. Motivators: Drive satisfaction and performance (e.g., achievement, recognition).

Question 5

What is expectancy theory?

Answer 5

Motivation depends on the belief that effort leads to performance, performance leads to rewards, and rewards meet personal goals.

Question 6

What is equity theory?

Answer 6

Employees are motivated when they perceive fairness in how rewards are distributed relative to their efforts and contributions.

Question 7

What are reinforcement perspectives of motivation?

Answer 7

Focus on using rewards and punishments to influence behavior based on reinforcement principles.

Question 8

What are popular motivational strategies?

Answer 8

Strategies include setting clear goals, recognizing achievements, providing growth opportunities, and offering meaningful rewards.

Question 9

How can reward systems motivate employees?

Answer 9

By aligning rewards with employee performance and ensuring they are valued, fair, and tied to clear goals.