Changing Spaces; Making Places Definitions 🏞🌅🌇🏡 Flashcards
1
Q
Time-Space Compression
A
- set of processes leading to a ‘shrinking world’
- caused by reductions in the relative distance between places eg travel time✈️
2
Q
Greenfield Site🏞
A
- land not previously built upon🏞
- developments can be constructed or proposed on these areas🏙
3
Q
Housing Tenure🏠📜
A
- system under which housing is occupied eg owner-occupiers or tenants renting from a landlord
4
Q
Household🏡
A
- 1 person living alone🚶🏽, or a group of people👨👩👧👦 (not necessarily related) living at the same address🏠
5
Q
Knowledge Economy
A
- wealth💰 creating activities that gathers store and analyse knowledge eg high-tech manufacturing👨🏭, finance, telecommunications, business services, design🎨, education📚, health🏥
6
Q
Life cycle👶🏼👧🏼👩🏼👵🏼
A
- the progress of a person through stages based on age & family unit👨👩👧👦
- from infancy👶🏼 to old age👵🏼
7
Q
Ghettos🏘
A
- concentration of people with similar socio-economic, cultural or ethnic background👴🏾👦🏿👱🏼♀️👩🏾 within a well-defined small part of an urban area
8
Q
Diaspora
A
- the spread of an ethnic or national group from their homeland🏠 eg Jews✡️ from Israel🇮🇱 or Kurds from Kurdistan - crosses the border of 4 Middle Eastern counties - 28-30 million
2-3 million in Germany 🇩🇪
9
Q
Spatial Inequality
A
- unequal distribution of of factors eg income💰, education📚, health🏥 across geographic space at any scale
10
Q
Gini Coefficient
A
- statistical measure of the degree of similarity between 2 sets of % data
11
Q
Informal Sector
A
- parts of the economy outside official recognition & record
- people don’t need formal qualifications to be employed in it & there is no regulation of it
12
Q
Disposable Income👛
A
- proportion of a person’s income that is left after essentials eg housing🏘, food🥘, clothing👗, heating🔥 & taxes paid
13
Q
Millennium Development Goals📝🗓
A
- targets set by the UN in 2000 to improve people’s lives in areas eg child mortality👶🏼, gender equality💖, poverty, hunger🍔
14
Q
Global shift
A
- locational movement of manufacturing👨🏭 production in particular from ACs to EDCs & LIDCs from the 1970s onwards
15
Q
Place
A
- can have objective meanings - something that just is eg an address/set of map co-ordinates
- place mainly has subjective meaning - aspect of a place that humans have added for personal reasons
- an emotional attachment to a space makes it a place - eg your home🏠
16
Q
Space
A
- spaces exist between places, they have objective meanings
17
Q
New International Division of Labour (NIDL)
A
- reorganisation of production at a global scale - result of deindustrialisation in ACs & floral spread of MNCs - producing overall pattern📊 of higher-paid💰 managerial jobs👨🏽💼 in ACs & lower-paid labouring👩🌾👩🏭 jobs in LIDCs
18
Q
Economic Restructuring
A
- change in proportions of people working in various economic sectors eg change in ACs from secondary to tertiary employment💼
19
Q
Primary Sector
A
- economic activities that produce food🥘 , fuel⛽️ & raw materials eg agriculture👩🌾, forestry🌲, fishing🎣, mining, quarrying & water💧 supplies
20
Q
Secondary Sector
A
- economic activities involving manufacturing👨🏭 industries eg processing raw materials & making semi-finished & finished goods
21
Q
Post-Industrial
A
- society & economy no longer dominated by the secondary sector
- where the majority of people are involved in tertiary activities
22
Q
Tertiary Sector
A
- economic activities providing services eg education📚, health🏥, legal💼, financial💰, insurance, government
23
Q
Quaternary Sector
A
- economic activities that provide services to other economic activities eg finance💳, research & development💻, advertising, consultancy👩🏽💼
24
Q
Deindustrialisation
A
- absolute or relative decline in the importance of manufacturing in the economy of a country or region
25
Multiplier Effect
- process by which a new or expanding activity in an area creates additional employment - as its employees have money to spend on goods & services📱
- as the wealth of an area increases💰⬆️ it stimulates more economic activity🏙
26
Comparative Advantage
- principle that countries or regions benefit from specialising in an economic activity in which they are relatively more efficient or skilled
27
Capitalist
- social-economic system in which the production of goods📱 & services takes place to generate profit💰
- key🔑 driving force is people’s desire for gain & self-interest
28
Core Regions
- area where economic activity is concentrated🏘 & living standards are relatively high🛁🛍
29
Venture Capital
- investment in a small or medium sized enterprises involving relatively high risk levels but potential for significant gains
- enterprises are those not yet secure enough to raid their own finance💵
30
Key🗝 Settlement
- rural settlement🏞 where services (eg schools🏫, doctors’ surgeries🏥, shops🏪) are concentrated to meet thresholds that will ensure their economic viability
31
Threshold
- minimum number of people👨👩👧👦 or spending👛 required to support a good or service
32
Players/Stakeholders⛹🏽♀️
- individual or organisation with an interest and/or influence in actions, decisions, or operations
33
Conurbation
- large urban area🌆 in population & areal terms, made up of the margin together of previously separate towns and cities
34
Comprehensive Redevelopment
- planning & rebuilding of a substantial part of an urban area🏙
- involving the demolition🏗 of nearly all of the previous buildings & infrastructure
35
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- integrated computer💻 tools for gathering, storing, processing & analysing geographical data that can be plotted on maps🗺
36
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- inward investment by a foreign company (usually large TNC) in a country
37
Rebranding🏚➡️🏡
- developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place, making it more attractive to investment
38
Reimagining
- developments associated with rebranding & usually involving cultural🎭, artistic🎨 or sporting elements⛹🏽
39
Gentrification
- process by which former low-income inner city housing🌆 districts in ACs are invaded by higher-income groups & refurbished
40
Icon
- something that has meaning as being representative of a place, culture or religion
- in the urban landscape a building can become an icon eg Buckingham Palace🏛🇬🇧
