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A Level - Human Geography > Changing Spaces; Making Places Definitions 🏞🌅🌇🏡 > Flashcards

Changing Spaces; Making Places Definitions 🏞🌅🌇🏡 Flashcards

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1
Q

Time-Space Compression

A
  • set of processes leading to a ‘shrinking world’

- caused by reductions in the relative distance between places eg travel time✈️

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2
Q

Greenfield Site🏞

A
  • land not previously built upon🏞

- developments can be constructed or proposed on these areas🏙

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3
Q

Housing Tenure🏠📜

A
  • system under which housing is occupied eg owner-occupiers or tenants renting from a landlord
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4
Q

Household🏡

A
  • 1 person living alone🚶🏽, or a group of people👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 (not necessarily related) living at the same address🏠
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5
Q

Knowledge Economy

A
  • wealth💰 creating activities that gathers store and analyse knowledge eg high-tech manufacturing👨‍🏭, finance, telecommunications, business services, design🎨, education📚, health🏥
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6
Q

Life cycle👶🏼👧🏼👩🏼👵🏼

A
  • the progress of a person through stages based on age & family unit👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
  • from infancy👶🏼 to old age👵🏼
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7
Q

Ghettos🏘

A
  • concentration of people with similar socio-economic, cultural or ethnic background👴🏾👦🏿👱🏼‍♀️👩🏾 within a well-defined small part of an urban area
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8
Q

Diaspora

A
  • the spread of an ethnic or national group from their homeland🏠 eg Jews✡️ from Israel🇮🇱 or Kurds from Kurdistan - crosses the border of 4 Middle Eastern counties - 28-30 million
    2-3 million in Germany 🇩🇪
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9
Q

Spatial Inequality

A
  • unequal distribution of of factors eg income💰, education📚, health🏥 across geographic space at any scale
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10
Q

Gini Coefficient

A
  • statistical measure of the degree of similarity between 2 sets of % data
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11
Q

Informal Sector

A
  • parts of the economy outside official recognition & record
  • people don’t need formal qualifications to be employed in it & there is no regulation of it
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12
Q

Disposable Income👛

A
  • proportion of a person’s income that is left after essentials eg housing🏘, food🥘, clothing👗, heating🔥 & taxes paid
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13
Q

Millennium Development Goals📝🗓

A
  • targets set by the UN in 2000 to improve people’s lives in areas eg child mortality👶🏼, gender equality💖, poverty, hunger🍔
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14
Q

Global shift

A
  • locational movement of manufacturing👨‍🏭 production in particular from ACs to EDCs & LIDCs from the 1970s onwards
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15
Q

Place

A
  • can have objective meanings - something that just is eg an address/set of map co-ordinates
  • place mainly has subjective meaning - aspect of a place that humans have added for personal reasons
  • an emotional attachment to a space makes it a place - eg your home🏠
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16
Q

Space

A
  • spaces exist between places, they have objective meanings
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17
Q

New International Division of Labour (NIDL)

A
  • reorganisation of production at a global scale - result of deindustrialisation in ACs & floral spread of MNCs - producing overall pattern📊 of higher-paid💰 managerial jobs👨🏽‍💼 in ACs & lower-paid labouring👩‍🌾👩‍🏭 jobs in LIDCs
18
Q

Economic Restructuring

A
  • change in proportions of people working in various economic sectors eg change in ACs from secondary to tertiary employment💼
19
Q

Primary Sector

A
  • economic activities that produce food🥘 , fuel⛽️ & raw materials eg agriculture👩‍🌾, forestry🌲, fishing🎣, mining, quarrying & water💧 supplies
20
Q

Secondary Sector

A
  • economic activities involving manufacturing👨‍🏭 industries eg processing raw materials & making semi-finished & finished goods
21
Q

Post-Industrial

A
  • society & economy no longer dominated by the secondary sector
  • where the majority of people are involved in tertiary activities
22
Q

Tertiary Sector

A
  • economic activities providing services eg education📚, health🏥, legal💼, financial💰, insurance, government
23
Q

Quaternary Sector

A
  • economic activities that provide services to other economic activities eg finance💳, research & development💻, advertising, consultancy👩🏽‍💼
24
Q

Deindustrialisation

A
  • absolute or relative decline in the importance of manufacturing in the economy of a country or region
25
Q

Multiplier Effect

A
  • process by which a new or expanding activity in an area creates additional employment - as its employees have money to spend on goods & services📱
  • as the wealth of an area increases💰⬆️ it stimulates more economic activity🏙
26
Q

Comparative Advantage

A
  • principle that countries or regions benefit from specialising in an economic activity in which they are relatively more efficient or skilled
27
Q

Capitalist

A
  • social-economic system in which the production of goods📱 & services takes place to generate profit💰
  • key🔑 driving force is people’s desire for gain & self-interest
28
Q

Core Regions

A
  • area where economic activity is concentrated🏘 & living standards are relatively high🛁🛍
29
Q

Venture Capital

A
  • investment in a small or medium sized enterprises involving relatively high risk levels but potential for significant gains
  • enterprises are those not yet secure enough to raid their own finance💵
30
Q

Key🗝 Settlement

A
  • rural settlement🏞 where services (eg schools🏫, doctors’ surgeries🏥, shops🏪) are concentrated to meet thresholds that will ensure their economic viability
31
Q

Threshold

A
  • minimum number of people👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 or spending👛 required to support a good or service
32
Q

Players/Stakeholders⛹🏽‍♀️

A
  • individual or organisation with an interest and/or influence in actions, decisions, or operations
33
Q

Conurbation

A
  • large urban area🌆 in population & areal terms, made up of the margin together of previously separate towns and cities
34
Q

Comprehensive Redevelopment

A
  • planning & rebuilding of a substantial part of an urban area🏙
  • involving the demolition🏗 of nearly all of the previous buildings & infrastructure
35
Q

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

A
  • integrated computer💻 tools for gathering, storing, processing & analysing geographical data that can be plotted on maps🗺
36
Q

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

A
  • inward investment by a foreign company (usually large TNC) in a country
37
Q

Rebranding🏚➡️🏡

A
  • developments aimed at changing negative perceptions of a place, making it more attractive to investment
38
Q

Reimagining

A
  • developments associated with rebranding & usually involving cultural🎭, artistic🎨 or sporting elements⛹🏽
39
Q

Gentrification

A
  • process by which former low-income inner city housing🌆 districts in ACs are invaded by higher-income groups & refurbished
40
Q

Icon

A
  • something that has meaning as being representative of a place, culture or religion
  • in the urban landscape a building can become an icon eg Buckingham Palace🏛🇬🇧

A Level - Human Geography (11 decks)

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