Changing places, making places - H

Question 1

What are the 3 main reasons Birmingham needed a rebrand

Answer 1

1. population decline
2. A feeling of placelessness
3. Remnants of industrial past creates a negative image

Question 2

When was the population decline in Birmingham

Answer 2

between 1951 and 2001 by more than 100,000 people

Question 3

What happened to Birmingham because of the population decline

Answer 3

• Homes were left abandoned leading to vandalism, crime and deprivation
• Reduced council tax income

Question 4

What were the remnants of an industrial past in Birmingham

Answer 4

• there was contaminated land
• abandoned factories and warehouses
• failing infrastructure

Question 5

Why was there a feeling of placelessness in Birmingham

Answer 5

much of 1960-70s construction was in a brutalist style - which felt harsh and outdated

Question 6

What were the 4 city councils aims for Birmingham’s rebrand

Answer 6

• a hub for business tourism
• a hub for financial services
• a regional centre for trade
• a retail & tourism hub

Question 7

What 3 strategies were used in the Birmingham rebranding

Answer 7

• top down
• flagship
• market led

Question 8

Which organisations were involved in the top down strategy

Answer 8

large scale public sector organisations City council, UK government, EU

Question 9

What was built as part of the flagship scheme

Answer 9

International convention centre (ICC), National exhibition Centre (NEC), bullring centre, National indoor arena

Question 10

Which two organisations were involved in the market led strategies

Answer 10

John Lewis - (£35m store in city centre)
Selfridges - (invested £20m to city centre)

Question 11

Which two attractions were built in Birmingham to attract tourists

Answer 11

• National Exhibition Centre (NEC)
• National Indoor Arena - cost £50 million now called Utilitarian Arena

Question 12

When was the Bullring Shopping centre redeveloped

Answer 12

in 2003

Question 13

How much did the Bullring Shopping Centre redevelopment in Birmingham cost

Answer 13

£530 mill

Question 14

Who funded the Bullring Shopping Centre

Answer 14

local council, John Lewis (£35m) and Selfridges (£20m)

Question 15

When was Centenary Square first built

Answer 15

in the 1920s as an open public space

Question 16

In 1989 how much was spent on reconstruction of Centenary square

Answer 16

£3.5 m spent on reconstruction and refurbishment, improving pedestrian routes and pving

Question 17

In 2014 how much was spent on the redevelopment of Centenary square

Answer 17

£5m to include more r greenery and water fountains

Question 18

When was the Library of Birmingham built

Answer 18

2013 (£189m) to replace the Birmingham central library

Question 19

Where is the Library of Birmingham located

Answer 19

Located by Centenary square

Question 20

What did Birmingham do to become a hub of education

Answer 20

they built another university - Birmingham City University in 1992

Question 21

What does Birmingham City University specialise in

Answer 21

nursing, engineering, art and design

Question 22

Where are most of the Birminghams university students from

Answer 22

the local area (usually ethnic minorities)

Question 23

How many and what universities are built in Birmingham

Answer 23

3:
1 - University of Birmingham
2 - Aston University
3 - Birmingham City University

Question 24

What happened to the canals around Brinkley Place in Birmingham

Answer 24

They were cleaned and refurbished - providing a hub for tourism

Question 25

Who helped identify polluted canals in Birmingham

Answer 25

the Birmingham city council and the canal & river trust

Question 26

What are some main motorway connections to Birmingham

Answer 26

M1 & M40 to London, M5 to SW, M6 to NW, M42 to NE

Question 27

How expensive was Birmingham’s railway station redevelopment

Answer 27

£700m - to make a modern, open public space

Question 28

What did they include in the New Street Station redevelopment

Answer 28

the Grand Central Shopping Centre - created >1000 jobs

Question 29

What is Eurohub

Answer 29

the first airport terminal in the world to combine domestic and international passengers

Question 30

How much was invested in Eurohub

Answer 30

£60m (1991) - in Birmingham

Question 31

How much was invested in a new terminal in 2000

Answer 31

£40m - provided space to handle more passengers

Question 32

How much would HS2 cost

Answer 32

>£100bn

Question 33

What type of project is HS2

Answer 33

a national flagship project

Question 34

How much will time be reduced from London to Birmingham by HS2

Answer 34

1.5 hours to 45 minutes

Question 35

Where will the HS2 station be in Birmingham

Answer 35

Curzon Street - may trigger regeneration of Eastside and Digbeth areas.

Question 36

What would the regeneration of Eastside and Digbeth provide

Answer 36

36,000 jobs and £1.4bn extra income every year

Question 37

What was the role of Birmingham city council in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 37

Took the lead on planning and investment - funded flagship projects (ICC,NEC, etc) supported and approved private investment schemes

Question 38

What was the role of the EU in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 38

provided financial support - social investment fund (£235 over 6 yrs) The Promise plus project(£33.6m), Business growth Programme (16.3m) ,Birmingham University Hospital (3.5m) etc

Question 39

What was the role of the UK government in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 39

the single regeneration fund created 8,000 jobs, prevented 28,000 jobs being lost with investment Invested £35m between 1994-2002 , £54m in Aston.

Question 40

What was the role of Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 40

Converted Nechells Power Station into Star City. Demolished Bordesley Village and built semi detached affordable housing

Question 41

What were private corporations role in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 41

John Lewis and Selfridges overall invested £55m and attract retail tourists

Question 42

What were universities role in the Birmingham rebrand

Answer 42

have attracted students to the city - 50,000 across all 3 uni’s who spend on services - employ 15,000 locals

Question 43

How has the Birmingham rebrand changed place perception

Answer 43

- not viewed as brutalist anymore - modern, leisure area - not viewed as industrial - young, diverse and vibrant

Question 44

What event was hosted in Birmingham

Answer 44

the 2022 Commonwealth games

Question 45

How much does Birmingham receive from visitors

Answer 45

receives >£72bn from 42million visitors each year

Question 46

What does the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham do to attract people

Answer 46

hosts >140 events each year attracting >2m people

Question 47

What is important about the Library of Birmingham

Answer 47

it attracts >2m visitors each year - 10th most popular attraction in the UK

Question 48

What happened to unemployment rates in Birmingham

Answer 48

1980 - 20% 2018 - 6.7%

Question 49

What happened to Birminghams decreasing population

Answer 49

It increased from 2001 to over 1.1 million in 2021

Question 50

What effect happened due to investment in Birmingham

Answer 50

the positive multiplier effect

Question 51

What happened to diverse communities in Birmingham during the 2022 commonwealth games

Answer 51

They were largely ignored by the organisers of the games and had little involvement in the games

Question 52

What is a negative of attracting younger people to Birmingham

Answer 52

many opt to stay in the city and will look for housing, however this may be occupied buy others leading to a housing shortage

Question 53

How many new homes will Birmingham need in the next 20 years

Answer 53

>125,000 new homes - more than any other city in England

Question 54

Who contested the Bullring Centre

Answer 54

local store owners

Question 55

What is the traffic like in Birmingham due to tourism and population growth

Answer 55

it is the 2nd worst city in the UK for traffic congestion