Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography - A LEVEL > Changing places, making places - H > Flashcards

Changing places, making places - H Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main reasons Birmingham needed a rebrand

A
  1. population decline
  2. A feeling of placelessness
  3. Remnants of industrial past creates a negative image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the population decline in Birmingham

A

between 1951 and 2001 by more than 100,000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happened to Birmingham because of the population decline

A
  • Homes were left abandoned leading to vandalism, crime and deprivation
  • Reduced council tax income
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the remnants of an industrial past in Birmingham

A
  • there was contaminated land
  • abandoned factories and warehouses
  • failing infrastructure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why was there a feeling of placelessness in Birmingham

A

much of 1960-70s construction was in a brutalist style - which felt harsh and outdated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the 4 city councils aims for Birmingham’s rebrand

A
  • a hub for business tourism
  • a hub for financial services
  • a regional centre for trade
  • a retail & tourism hub
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 3 strategies were used in the Birmingham rebranding

A
  • top down
  • flagship
  • market led
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which organisations were involved in the top down strategy

A

large scale public sector organisations City council, UK government, EU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was built as part of the flagship scheme

A

International convention centre (ICC), National exhibition Centre (NEC), bullring centre, National indoor arena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which two organisations were involved in the market led strategies

A

John Lewis - (£35m store in city centre)
Selfridges - (invested £20m to city centre)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which two attractions were built in Birmingham to attract tourists

A
  • National Exhibition Centre (NEC)
  • National Indoor Arena - cost £50 million now called Utilitarian Arena
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the Bullring Shopping centre redeveloped

A

in 2003

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much did the Bullring Shopping Centre redevelopment in Birmingham cost

A

£530 mill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who funded the Bullring Shopping Centre

A

local council, John Lewis (£35m) and Selfridges (£20m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was Centenary Square first built

A

in the 1920s as an open public space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In 1989 how much was spent on reconstruction of Centenary square

A

£3.5 m spent on reconstruction and refurbishment, improving pedestrian routes and pving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In 2014 how much was spent on the redevelopment of Centenary square

A

£5m to include more r greenery and water fountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was the Library of Birmingham built

A

2013 (£189m) to replace the Birmingham central library

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the Library of Birmingham located

A

Located by Centenary square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Birmingham do to become a hub of education

A

they built another university - Birmingham City University in 1992

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Birmingham City University specialise in

A

nursing, engineering, art and design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are most of the Birminghams university students from

A

the local area (usually ethnic minorities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many and what universities are built in Birmingham

A

3:
1 - University of Birmingham
2 - Aston University
3 - Birmingham City University

24
Q

What happened to the canals around Brinkley Place in Birmingham

A

They were cleaned and refurbished - providing a hub for tourism

25
Q

Who helped identify polluted canals in Birmingham

A

the Birmingham city council and the canal & river trust

26
Q

What are some main motorway connections to Birmingham

A

M1 & M40 to London, M5 to SW, M6 to NW, M42 to NE

27
Q

How expensive was Birmingham’s railway station redevelopment

A

£700m - to make a modern, open public space

28
Q

What did they include in the New Street Station redevelopment

A

the Grand Central Shopping Centre - created >1000 jobs

29
Q

What is Eurohub

A

the first airport terminal in the world to combine domestic and international passengers

30
Q

How much was invested in Eurohub

A

£60m (1991) - in Birmingham

31
Q

How much was invested in a new terminal in 2000

A

£40m - provided space to handle more passengers

32
Q

How much would HS2 cost

A

> £100bn

33
Q

What type of project is HS2

A

a national flagship project

34
Q

How much will time be reduced from London to Birmingham by HS2

A

1.5 hours to 45 minutes

35
Q

Where will the HS2 station be in Birmingham

A

Curzon Street - may trigger regeneration of Eastside and Digbeth areas.

36
Q

What would the regeneration of Eastside and Digbeth provide

A

36,000 jobs and £1.4bn extra income every year

37
Q

What was the role of Birmingham city council in the Birmingham rebrand

A

Took the lead on planning and investment - funded flagship projects (ICC,NEC, etc) supported and approved private investment schemes

38
Q

What was the role of the EU in the Birmingham rebrand

A

provided financial support - social investment fund (£235 over 6 yrs)
The Promise plus project(£33.6m), Business growth Programme (16.3m) ,Birmingham University Hospital (3.5m) etc

39
Q

What was the role of the UK government in the Birmingham rebrand

A

the single regeneration fund created 8,000 jobs, prevented 28,000 jobs being lost with investment
Invested £35m between 1994-2002 , £54m in Aston.

40
Q

What was the role of Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation in the Birmingham rebrand

A

Converted Nechells Power Station into Star City. Demolished Bordesley Village and built semi detached affordable housing

41
Q

What were private corporations role in the Birmingham rebrand

A

John Lewis and Selfridges overall invested £55m and attract retail tourists

42
Q

What were universities role in the Birmingham rebrand

A

have attracted students to the city - 50,000 across all 3 uni’s who spend on services - employ 15,000 locals

43
Q

How has the Birmingham rebrand changed place perception

A
  • not viewed as brutalist anymore - modern, leisure area
  • not viewed as industrial - young, diverse and vibrant
44
Q

What event was hosted in Birmingham

A

the 2022 Commonwealth games

45
Q

How much does Birmingham receive from visitors

A

receives >£72bn from 42million visitors each year

46
Q

What does the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham do to attract people

A

hosts >140 events each year attracting >2m people

47
Q

What is important about the Library of Birmingham

A

it attracts >2m visitors each year - 10th most popular attraction in the UK

48
Q

What happened to unemployment rates in Birmingham

A

1980 - 20%
2018 - 6.7%

49
Q

What happened to Birminghams decreasing population

A

It increased from 2001 to over 1.1 million in 2021

50
Q

What effect happened due to investment in Birmingham

A

the positive multiplier effect

51
Q

What happened to diverse communities in Birmingham during the 2022 commonwealth games

A

They were largely ignored by the organisers of the games and had little involvement in the games

52
Q

What is a negative of attracting younger people to Birmingham

A

many opt to stay in the city and will look for housing, however this may be occupied buy others leading to a housing shortage

53
Q

How many new homes will Birmingham need in the next 20 years

A

> 125,000 new homes - more than any other city in England

54
Q

Who contested the Bullring Centre

A

local store owners

55
Q

What is the traffic like in Birmingham due to tourism and population growth

A

it is the 2nd worst city in the UK for traffic congestion

Geography - A LEVEL (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions