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A Level Human Geography > Changing Places Case Studies > Flashcards

Changing Places Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the case studies for concept of place

A

Glastonbury, Somerset.

Uluru, Australia.

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2
Q

What is the location of Glastonbury?

A

Somerset.

23 miles south of Bristol.

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3
Q

Give examples of what make the ‘locale’ of Glastonbury?

A

Glastonbury Abbey.
Glastonbury Tor.
Music festival.

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4
Q

What is Glastonbury Tor?

A

A hill near Glastonbury.
It is topped by the roofless St Michael’s Tower - a Grade 1 listed building.
The whole site is managed by the National Trust, and has been designated a scheduled monument.

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5
Q

Give ideas of the sense of place associated with Glastonbury

A

Religious (Abbey).
Heritage (Tor).
Fun, exciting, worry-free (festival).

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6
Q

Explain how people have might have a different concept of place about Uluru

A

Aboriginals -> insiders -> sacred rock -> religious -> heritage.

Tourists -> outsiders -> scenic rock -> may disrespect it -> no personal importance.

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7
Q

Why would people have different perceptions of Ground Zero, New York?

A

Different experiences…
• If they lost a relative in 9/11 attack.
• If they were a rescuer in 9/11 arrack.
• Tourist.

If they visited Ground Zero at different times…
• On anniversary of 9/11.
• Soon after the 9/11 attack.

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8
Q

Suggest how a grieving mother of a 9/11 victim might feel about Ground Zero

A

Dark, depressing place.
Not comforting.
The gift shop is disrespectful and unnecessary.

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9
Q

Suggest how a tourist might feel about Ground Zero

A

Breathtaking, beautiful, moving.
Amazing museum.
Makes an fantastic day trip.

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10
Q

Name the place that can be related to the social constructionist approach. How does they link?

A

Trafalgar Square.
Built to commemorate a British naval victory in 1800s.
Using social constructionist approach -> understood as a place of empire / colonialism.

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11
Q

Give an example of a place where there are insiders and outsiders. Who might the insiders and outsiders be?

A

Canary Wharfe, London.
Insiders = business men -> reason to be there (job), wealthy.
Outsiders = homeless person -> nothing in common, there are anti-homeless spikes to stop rough sleepers.

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12
Q

Give an example of a known person that has been both an insider and an outsider to their place of living. Which places?

A

Mo Farah -> U.K. / USA

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13
Q

When did Mo Farah feel like an insider in the U.K.?

A
  • When he was accepted as a Somalian refugee at 8 years old.

* When he was knighted.

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14
Q

When did Mo Farah feel like an outsider in the U.K.?

A

When he first arrived from Somalia and didn’t know anyone / the culture.

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15
Q

When did Mo Farah feel like an insider in the USA?

A

He has been a citizen there for past 6 years.

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16
Q

When did Mo Farah feel like an outsider in the USA?

A

President Trump may not have allowed him to return to US due to immigration policies -> felt unwelcome.

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17
Q

Why might minority groups in England feel excluded / outsiders in rural areas?

A
  • Historically, immigrants moved into urban areas -> little connection to rural places.
  • Less than 1% of visitors to National Parks were of black / ethnic minorities in 2001.
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18
Q

Give examples of projects that aim to reduce the feeling that ethnic minorities are excluded from rural England

A

• ‘Mosaic’
= national project -> aims to create links between black / ethnic minorities and organisations eg National Parks, Youth Hostel Association.
• YHA
-> actively encourages young people from black/ minority groups to volunteer in the countryside -> to feel more connected.

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19
Q

Name the case study to use for places represented in the media

A

Hebden Bridge / Happy Valley

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20
Q

How does the TV show Happy Vallet portray Hebden Bridge?

A

Negatively…
• High crime rate -> prostitution, petty theft, drug dealing, murder.
• Run-down area.

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21
Q

What is Hebden Bridge like in reality?

A
  • Small town of about 4,500 residents.
  • Friendly.
  • Scenic -> tourist attraction.
  • Low crime rate.
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22
Q

Why aren’t residents of Hebden Bridge happy about its portrayal in Happy Valley?

A

Happy Valley portrays it in a negative light -> may put off tourists.
Makes them look bad -> outsiders may think all residents are criminals.

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23
Q

Name the case study to use for when a place changes

A

Ground Zero, World Trade Centre, New York.

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24
Q

Does the portrayal of Hebden Bridge in Happy Valley have a positive effect or negative effect on the area?

A

Positives:
• Tourist income -> viewers likely realise that TV drama isn’t a true representation of the place.
• Makes the place known.
• May encourage money to be spent improving infrastructure.

Negatives:
• Upset locals.
• Could put off some tourists -> BBC programme so well trusted channel -> some viewers may believe that it reflects the real place.

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25
Q

Name the case study to be used for clone towns

A

Costa Coffee -> Totnes, South Devon.

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26
Q

What is the population of Totnes, South Devon?

A

8,500 residents

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27
Q

Which chain store wanted to open a branch in Totnes? In what year?

A

Costa Coffee.

2012

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28
Q

Were residents pleased with the proposed plans to open a costa coffee in Totnes? Why?

A

They were not happy.
• Didn’t want to become a clone town -> keep independent shops + traditions.
• Already 42 coffee shops in Totnes.
• Costa would damage local economy + compromise tourist charms -> want to support local businesses.

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29
Q

How many locals signed a petition against the opening of Costa coffee in Totnes? How many wrote to the council to object?

A

6000 signed petition.

300 write to the council.

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30
Q

Is Totnes a clone town?

A

No.
Majority of shops there are independent.
Has a Superdrug and WHSmith.

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31
Q

What did Costa argue would be the benefits of opening a store in Totnes?

A
  • Costa wouldn’t threaten existing coffee shops.
  • Add to the vibrancy of the town.
  • A place where people could come together.
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32
Q

Name a case study area in which a chain store has recently opened a branch. Which chain store?

A

Otley.

Costa coffee

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32
Q

In a survey, what percentage of Otley residents said that they would use Costa if it opened?

A

42%

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33
Q

In a survey, what percentage of Otley residents said that they would stick to local shops if a Costa branch opened?

A

49%

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34
Q

Why were some Otley residents supportive of the potential opening of a Costa?

A
  • Attract more visitors to the town -> local economy.

* Make Otley a more desirable location -> may attract more upmarket shops.

36
Q

What is the case study for a place that has experienced conflict over changing places?

A

London 2012 Olympic Park - urban regeneration

37
Q

Why were locals concerned about the opening of Costa Coffee in Otley?

A
  • Concern about how the character of Otley would be affected -> clone town.
  • Impact on independent coffee shops / cafes -> local economy.
38
Q

What is the location of the 2012 Olympic Park?

Urban regeneration

A

Lower Lea Valley, East London.

7km from city of London.

39
Q

Give the characteristics of the area in which the 2012 Olympic Park is situated - before it was built.

A 
Lower Lea Valley, East London.
• High deprivation.
• High unemployment.
• Poor public health.
• Lack of infrastructure.
• Problem of fly-tipping.
• Industrial history.
• Ethically diverse.
40
Q

How was the Lower Lea Valley regenerated when the 2012 Olympic Park was built?

A
  • Over £6 billion total investment.
  • 500 acre site - mostly brownfield.
  • New land bridges across rivers / bridges / railways -> access.
  • 3 coach / car parks.
  • 13km of overhead power lines moves underground.
  • Land remediation -> 1850km^3 processed soil.
  • 5m high fencing around site.
41
Q

How much money was invested into the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

Over £6 billion

42
Q

How much soil was processed as a part of land remediation during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

1850km^3.

43
Q

What size area does the 2012 Olympic Park cover?

A

500 acre -> mostly on brownfield sites.

44
Q

What positive affects did the 2012 Olympic Park regeneration project cause?

A
  • Regeneration -> jobs / business.
  • 12,000 permanent jobs.
  • 9000 new homes.
  • Improved transport in London.
  • Cleaned up urban wasteland.
  • Nearby schools, health + community facilities.
  • Provided largest new London Park since a Victorian era.
  • State of the art sport facilities.
  • 150km^2 media / broadcasting centre -> creative business.
  • Encourage sport / healthy lifestyle.
  • Boost tourism -> economy.
  • Promote social cohesion -> diverse area.
  • Improve image of East London / U.K.
45
Q

How many new homes were built as a result of the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

9000 new homes

46
Q

What negative affects did the 2012 Olympic Park regeneration project cause?

A
  • Redevelopment -> loss of habitat -> 500 mature trees cut down.
  • Bridges built -> drain significant sections of waterways. -> issue because Lower Lea river system is complex + important for flood relief.
  • Demolition of existing buildings / business / trees -> 450 housing association flats.
  • 300 relocated businesses -> job loss.
  • Noise, dust, visual pollution.
  • Road / cycle path closures.
  • Paid for with council-tax -> £9.3 billion.
  • 87 Manor Gardens’ Allotments lost.
  • 140 leisure sites lost.
  • Need for police security.
  • Rise in house prices.
47
Q

How many new jobs were created as a result of the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

12,000 permanent new jobs

48
Q

How many trees were cut down in order to build the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

500 mature trees

50
Q

How many businesses had to be relocated during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

300

51
Q

How many leisure sites were lost during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

140 sites

52
Q

Overall, how did the regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley area for the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park change the place itself? Was it successful?

A

• Although house prices increased, almost half of the new homes will be affordable.
-> 8000 people live in five new neighbourhoods -> 40% in affordable homes.
• Fantastic new infrastructure -> better connected.
• Few jobs created went to locals -> unemployment wasn’t improved.
• £9billion invested into East London.

54
Q

Name the case studies that can be used for representations of place

A 
Yorkshire
Tokyo
London
New York
California
55
Q

How much in council tax was spent on the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?

A

£9.3 billion in council tax

60
Q

How many new neighbourhoods were created during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park in the Lower Lea Valley?
How many people live in them?

A

5 new neighbourhoods.

8000 residents -> 40% in affordable homes.

61
Q

How is Yorkshire represented by books / novels?

A

Bronte sisters - write about Yorkshire.
“It is not so buried in trees, and it is not quite so large, but you can see the country beautifully all around; and the air is healthier for you”
• pleasant
• positive for mental and physical health

62
Q

How is Yorkshire represented by art?

A

David Hockney - landscapes of Yorkshire.
• Bright colours -> vibrant, happy character.
• Stereotypical fields, farmland.
-> work attracts tourism

63
Q

How is Yorkshire represented by maps and statistics?

A
  • Yorkshire -> East Riding, South, North and West Yorkshire.
  • Population 5.2 million.
  • 80% urban areas, 20% rural -> surprising.
64
Q

How is Yorkshire represented by the media?

A

Positive -> beautiful scenery, nature, wildlife reserves.

Negative -> Yorkshire ripper.

65
Q

How is Yorkshire represented by poems?

A

William Wordsworth:
“sun shines bright” -> happy, welcoming, positive place.

Henry Alford:
“guilt worn”….”deeds of blood”…“young cheeks pale” -> sinister, unsafe, negative place.
BUT Alford is an outsider from London -> false view.

66
Q

How is Tokyo represented by maps and statistics?

A
  • Capital city of Japan.
  • Population 38 million -> largest metropolis in the world.
  • 98% of population is Japanese -> not multicultural.
  • Booming business district, government sector, culture.
  • Highest concentration of universities worldwide.
  • Known as ‘City of cities’, lacking a real city centre -> consists of mainly neighbourhoods, each with own personality.
67
Q

What percentage of tokyo’s population is Japanese?

A

98%

68
Q

How is Tokyo represented by art?

A

Modern art is now blending with traditional art -> demonstrates history / heritage, while adapting to the future.

69
Q

How is Tokyo represented by the media?

A
  • Japanese pop culture shown through TV, cinema, anime, manga, music.
  • Objectification / isolation of women due to famous pop idol culture -> “perfect image”.
70
Q

What are Japanese pop idols and net idol groups?

A

• Pop Idols:

  • > must have perfect public image
  • > portrayed to their cuteness and charisma
  • > very popular

• Net Idol groups:

  • > form of Japanese pop idols.
  • > grew popularity online, before moving to music industry.
  • > 636,000 people attended live net idol concert = highest attendance of all female musicians in a Japanese history.
71
Q

How is New York represented by maps and statistics?

A
  • Most populous city in USA, highest population density.
  • Population 8.5million.
  • 5 boroughs within New York State -> Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, Staten Island.
  • Has global power.
  • Record of 54.3 million tourists in a year.
  • Around 800 languages spoken.
  • 24,000 eating establishments eg takeaways, delis, cafes, restaurants.
72
Q

How is New York represented by music?

A

Fairytales of New York - The Pogues:
“I can see better times”…“they’ve got rivers of gold”.
-> prosperous, rich, find your fortune.

Empire State of Mind - Alicia Keys:
“I can make it anywhere”
-> place to follow your dreams.

73
Q

How is New York represented by TV and film?

A

Friends:
Friendly community, funny, ordinary life.

Gossip girl:
Drama, rich people, high statuses.

74
Q

How is New York represented by advertising?

A

‘I love New York ‘ slogan…

Suggests it is a city for everyone to enjoy and should be visited.

75
Q

How is London represented by advertising?

A

visitlondon.com…
• Photos show a beautiful, sunny and clean city.
• Family friendly activities.
• Mentions all famous landmarks.
-> biased as purpose is to attract tourists, therefore wouldn’t show less attractive areas - deprivation, run down, derelict land.

76
Q

How is London represented by books and novels?

A

Sherlock Holmes (Arthur Conan Doyle):
• foggy, seedy back alleys, crime ridden east end.
-> negative view is romanticised by author.
-> not like London today, Clean Air Act (1956).

Bridget Jones’ Diary (Helen Fielding):
• well-off yet lonely woman in early thirties.
-> positive but possibly unrealistic.

Oliver Twist (Charles Dickens):
• poverty, slums, disease, child pickpockets and gangs.
• violence towards women and children.

77
Q

How is London represented by film?

A

Mary Poppins…
• shows one of the nicest neighbourhoods in London.
• sweet nanny.
-> positive light.

The Long a Good Friday…
• gangsters, crime filled area of London
-> negative light.

78
Q

How is London represented by TV?

A

East Enders:
• rough area, drama, family problems -> negative.

Made in Chelsea:
• drama, rich people, high standard of living -> positive but skewed.

The Bill:
• high crime rate -> negative.

BBC London News:
• backdrop shoes pretty skyline of London, major landmarks.

79
Q

How is London represented by music?

A 
London Calling (The Clash):
"London is drowning"..."a nuclear era".
-> connotations of death, dystopia.

Streets of London (Ralph McTell):
“Closed down markets”…“dirt in her hair and clothes in rags”…“the rain cried a little pity”.
-> deprivation, miserable weather, poverty.

Chim Chim Cher-ee (Mary Poppins):
“On the rooftops of London, oh what a sight”
-> beautiful, magical.

80
Q

How is London represented by poetry?

A

London (William Blake):
“New born infants tear”…“chimney sweepers cry”.
-> sad and gloomy.

Composed upon Westminster Bridge September 3rd 1802 (William Wordsworth):
“Earth has not anything to show more fair”…“majesty”…“beauty of the morning”…“all bright and glittering in the smokeless air”.
-> beautiful, although may be bias.

81
Q

How is London represented by statistics?

A
  • 699,686 crimes in London 2013-2014 -> 13% less than previous year.
  • £1106 average monthly rent 2013 -> 7.9% increase from 2012.
  • Over 300 languages spoken -> ethnically diverse.
  • 63% of population are under 44 years old.
  • Third highest number of millionaires in the world.
  • 32% of household waste is reused / recycled.
82
Q

How is California represented by statistics?

A
  • Population 39 million.
  • 1.2million crimes per year -> 30.45 per 1000 residents.
  • Higher crime rate than national average.
  • Unemployment rate 8.5%.
  • 16 million households.
  • 61,000 households account for 1/5th of state’s income.
83
Q

How is California represented by TV?

A

Bachelor Pad, Loves Me Loves Me Not, The FBI.

  • > a place for young, single people.
  • > a place to find love.
  • > high crime rate (supported by statistics).
84
Q

How is California represented by film?

A

Pretty Woman (1990), Clueless (1995), Hollywood Homicide (2003).

  • > rich and wealthy people.
  • > prosperous.
  • > high crime rate / dangerous.
85
Q

How is California represented by songs?

A

Paradise City (Guns n Roses).
“Where the grass is green”…“rags to riches”…“you gotta keep pushing for the fortune and fame”.
-> prosperous place.
-> can achieve your dreams -> American dream.
-> have to work hard.

86
Q

How is California represented by advertising?

A

“California, dream big” campaign by Visit California.

  • > full of culture.
  • > something amazing there for everyone.
  • > natural beauty and bustling cities.
87
Q

How is California represented by books?

A

East of Eden (John Steinbeck).
• prostitution, troubled families that appear to be perfect, domestic violence.
-> California is a deceiving place where problems affect every part of life.

88
Q

Name the case study to use for continuity and change

A

Devonport, Plymouth

89
Q

Is it endogenous factors or exogenous factors that have led to change in Devonport over the last 50 years?

A

Exogenous - government policy

90
Q

What was Devonport like originally?

A
  • Naval dockyard -> due to location.
  • One of fastest growing towns in 18th century.
  • 1952 -> storage enclave, enclosed by 3m wall.
  • Community split in two.
  • Residents rehoused in poor housing.
  • Decline of naval jobs due to military cutbacks -> social / economic problems in 1980s.
91
Q

Which type of government policy was used to improve Devonport? When?

A

New Deal For Communities -> 2001-2011

92
Q

How did the New Deal For Communities policy improve Devonport?

A
  • Physical environment has changed.
  • Removal of dividing naval wall.
  • Inter-wall housing / flats demolished.
  • Historical landmarks incorporated into redevelopment.
  • Aim to attract wider range of people -> social housing built.
  • Local people have benefitted despite there still being some deprivation.

A Level Human Geography (15 decks)

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