Changing Places Case Studies Flashcards
Name the case studies for concept of place
Glastonbury, Somerset.
Uluru, Australia.
What is the location of Glastonbury?
Somerset.
23 miles south of Bristol.
Give examples of what make the ‘locale’ of Glastonbury?
Glastonbury Abbey.
Glastonbury Tor.
Music festival.
What is Glastonbury Tor?
A hill near Glastonbury.
It is topped by the roofless St Michael’s Tower - a Grade 1 listed building.
The whole site is managed by the National Trust, and has been designated a scheduled monument.
Give ideas of the sense of place associated with Glastonbury
Religious (Abbey).
Heritage (Tor).
Fun, exciting, worry-free (festival).
Explain how people have might have a different concept of place about Uluru
Aboriginals -> insiders -> sacred rock -> religious -> heritage.
Tourists -> outsiders -> scenic rock -> may disrespect it -> no personal importance.
Why would people have different perceptions of Ground Zero, New York?
Different experiences…
• If they lost a relative in 9/11 attack.
• If they were a rescuer in 9/11 arrack.
• Tourist.
If they visited Ground Zero at different times…
• On anniversary of 9/11.
• Soon after the 9/11 attack.
Suggest how a grieving mother of a 9/11 victim might feel about Ground Zero
Dark, depressing place.
Not comforting.
The gift shop is disrespectful and unnecessary.
Suggest how a tourist might feel about Ground Zero
Breathtaking, beautiful, moving.
Amazing museum.
Makes an fantastic day trip.
Name the place that can be related to the social constructionist approach. How does they link?
Trafalgar Square.
Built to commemorate a British naval victory in 1800s.
Using social constructionist approach -> understood as a place of empire / colonialism.
Give an example of a place where there are insiders and outsiders. Who might the insiders and outsiders be?
Canary Wharfe, London.
Insiders = business men -> reason to be there (job), wealthy.
Outsiders = homeless person -> nothing in common, there are anti-homeless spikes to stop rough sleepers.
Give an example of a known person that has been both an insider and an outsider to their place of living. Which places?
Mo Farah -> U.K. / USA
When did Mo Farah feel like an insider in the U.K.?
- When he was accepted as a Somalian refugee at 8 years old.
* When he was knighted.
When did Mo Farah feel like an outsider in the U.K.?
When he first arrived from Somalia and didn’t know anyone / the culture.
When did Mo Farah feel like an insider in the USA?
He has been a citizen there for past 6 years.
When did Mo Farah feel like an outsider in the USA?
President Trump may not have allowed him to return to US due to immigration policies -> felt unwelcome.
Why might minority groups in England feel excluded / outsiders in rural areas?
- Historically, immigrants moved into urban areas -> little connection to rural places.
- Less than 1% of visitors to National Parks were of black / ethnic minorities in 2001.
Give examples of projects that aim to reduce the feeling that ethnic minorities are excluded from rural England
• ‘Mosaic’
= national project -> aims to create links between black / ethnic minorities and organisations eg National Parks, Youth Hostel Association.
• YHA
-> actively encourages young people from black/ minority groups to volunteer in the countryside -> to feel more connected.
Name the case study to use for places represented in the media
Hebden Bridge / Happy Valley
How does the TV show Happy Vallet portray Hebden Bridge?
Negatively…
• High crime rate -> prostitution, petty theft, drug dealing, murder.
• Run-down area.
What is Hebden Bridge like in reality?
- Small town of about 4,500 residents.
- Friendly.
- Scenic -> tourist attraction.
- Low crime rate.
Why aren’t residents of Hebden Bridge happy about its portrayal in Happy Valley?
Happy Valley portrays it in a negative light -> may put off tourists.
Makes them look bad -> outsiders may think all residents are criminals.
Name the case study to use for when a place changes
Ground Zero, World Trade Centre, New York.
Does the portrayal of Hebden Bridge in Happy Valley have a positive effect or negative effect on the area?
Positives:
• Tourist income -> viewers likely realise that TV drama isn’t a true representation of the place.
• Makes the place known.
• May encourage money to be spent improving infrastructure.
Negatives:
• Upset locals.
• Could put off some tourists -> BBC programme so well trusted channel -> some viewers may believe that it reflects the real place.
Name the case study to be used for clone towns
Costa Coffee -> Totnes, South Devon.
What is the population of Totnes, South Devon?
8,500 residents
Which chain store wanted to open a branch in Totnes? In what year?
Costa Coffee.
2012
Were residents pleased with the proposed plans to open a costa coffee in Totnes? Why?
They were not happy.
• Didn’t want to become a clone town -> keep independent shops + traditions.
• Already 42 coffee shops in Totnes.
• Costa would damage local economy + compromise tourist charms -> want to support local businesses.
How many locals signed a petition against the opening of Costa coffee in Totnes? How many wrote to the council to object?
6000 signed petition.
300 write to the council.
Is Totnes a clone town?
No.
Majority of shops there are independent.
Has a Superdrug and WHSmith.
What did Costa argue would be the benefits of opening a store in Totnes?
- Costa wouldn’t threaten existing coffee shops.
- Add to the vibrancy of the town.
- A place where people could come together.
Name a case study area in which a chain store has recently opened a branch. Which chain store?
Otley.
Costa coffee
In a survey, what percentage of Otley residents said that they would use Costa if it opened?
42%
In a survey, what percentage of Otley residents said that they would stick to local shops if a Costa branch opened?
49%
Why were some Otley residents supportive of the potential opening of a Costa?
- Attract more visitors to the town -> local economy.
* Make Otley a more desirable location -> may attract more upmarket shops.
What is the case study for a place that has experienced conflict over changing places?
London 2012 Olympic Park - urban regeneration
Why were locals concerned about the opening of Costa Coffee in Otley?
- Concern about how the character of Otley would be affected -> clone town.
- Impact on independent coffee shops / cafes -> local economy.
What is the location of the 2012 Olympic Park?
Urban regeneration
Lower Lea Valley, East London.
7km from city of London.
Give the characteristics of the area in which the 2012 Olympic Park is situated - before it was built.
Lower Lea Valley, East London. • High deprivation. • High unemployment. • Poor public health. • Lack of infrastructure. • Problem of fly-tipping. • Industrial history. • Ethically diverse.
How was the Lower Lea Valley regenerated when the 2012 Olympic Park was built?
- Over £6 billion total investment.
- 500 acre site - mostly brownfield.
- New land bridges across rivers / bridges / railways -> access.
- 3 coach / car parks.
- 13km of overhead power lines moves underground.
- Land remediation -> 1850km^3 processed soil.
- 5m high fencing around site.
How much money was invested into the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?
Over £6 billion
How much soil was processed as a part of land remediation during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?
1850km^3.
What size area does the 2012 Olympic Park cover?
500 acre -> mostly on brownfield sites.
What positive affects did the 2012 Olympic Park regeneration project cause?
- Regeneration -> jobs / business.
- 12,000 permanent jobs.
- 9000 new homes.
- Improved transport in London.
- Cleaned up urban wasteland.
- Nearby schools, health + community facilities.
- Provided largest new London Park since a Victorian era.
- State of the art sport facilities.
- 150km^2 media / broadcasting centre -> creative business.
- Encourage sport / healthy lifestyle.
- Boost tourism -> economy.
- Promote social cohesion -> diverse area.
- Improve image of East London / U.K.
How many new homes were built as a result of the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?
9000 new homes
What negative affects did the 2012 Olympic Park regeneration project cause?
- Redevelopment -> loss of habitat -> 500 mature trees cut down.
- Bridges built -> drain significant sections of waterways. -> issue because Lower Lea river system is complex + important for flood relief.
- Demolition of existing buildings / business / trees -> 450 housing association flats.
- 300 relocated businesses -> job loss.
- Noise, dust, visual pollution.
- Road / cycle path closures.
- Paid for with council-tax -> £9.3 billion.
- 87 Manor Gardens’ Allotments lost.
- 140 leisure sites lost.
- Need for police security.
- Rise in house prices.
How many new jobs were created as a result of the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?
12,000 permanent new jobs
How many trees were cut down in order to build the 2012 Olympic Park?
500 mature trees
How many businesses had to be relocated during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?
300
How many leisure sites were lost during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park?
140 sites
Overall, how did the regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley area for the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park change the place itself? Was it successful?
• Although house prices increased, almost half of the new homes will be affordable.
-> 8000 people live in five new neighbourhoods -> 40% in affordable homes.
• Fantastic new infrastructure -> better connected.
• Few jobs created went to locals -> unemployment wasn’t improved.
• £9billion invested into East London.
Name the case studies that can be used for representations of place
Yorkshire Tokyo London New York California
How much in council tax was spent on the regeneration project of the 2012 Olympic Park?
£9.3 billion in council tax
How many new neighbourhoods were created during the construction of the 2012 Olympic Park in the Lower Lea Valley?
How many people live in them?
5 new neighbourhoods.
8000 residents -> 40% in affordable homes.
How is Yorkshire represented by books / novels?
Bronte sisters - write about Yorkshire.
“It is not so buried in trees, and it is not quite so large, but you can see the country beautifully all around; and the air is healthier for you”
• pleasant
• positive for mental and physical health
How is Yorkshire represented by art?
David Hockney - landscapes of Yorkshire.
• Bright colours -> vibrant, happy character.
• Stereotypical fields, farmland.
-> work attracts tourism
How is Yorkshire represented by maps and statistics?
- Yorkshire -> East Riding, South, North and West Yorkshire.
- Population 5.2 million.
- 80% urban areas, 20% rural -> surprising.
How is Yorkshire represented by the media?
Positive -> beautiful scenery, nature, wildlife reserves.
Negative -> Yorkshire ripper.
How is Yorkshire represented by poems?
William Wordsworth:
“sun shines bright” -> happy, welcoming, positive place.
Henry Alford:
“guilt worn”….”deeds of blood”…“young cheeks pale” -> sinister, unsafe, negative place.
BUT Alford is an outsider from London -> false view.
How is Tokyo represented by maps and statistics?
- Capital city of Japan.
- Population 38 million -> largest metropolis in the world.
- 98% of population is Japanese -> not multicultural.
- Booming business district, government sector, culture.
- Highest concentration of universities worldwide.
- Known as ‘City of cities’, lacking a real city centre -> consists of mainly neighbourhoods, each with own personality.
What percentage of tokyo’s population is Japanese?
98%
How is Tokyo represented by art?
Modern art is now blending with traditional art -> demonstrates history / heritage, while adapting to the future.
How is Tokyo represented by the media?
- Japanese pop culture shown through TV, cinema, anime, manga, music.
- Objectification / isolation of women due to famous pop idol culture -> “perfect image”.
What are Japanese pop idols and net idol groups?
• Pop Idols:
- > must have perfect public image
- > portrayed to their cuteness and charisma
- > very popular
• Net Idol groups:
- > form of Japanese pop idols.
- > grew popularity online, before moving to music industry.
- > 636,000 people attended live net idol concert = highest attendance of all female musicians in a Japanese history.
How is New York represented by maps and statistics?
- Most populous city in USA, highest population density.
- Population 8.5million.
- 5 boroughs within New York State -> Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, Staten Island.
- Has global power.
- Record of 54.3 million tourists in a year.
- Around 800 languages spoken.
- 24,000 eating establishments eg takeaways, delis, cafes, restaurants.
How is New York represented by music?
Fairytales of New York - The Pogues:
“I can see better times”…“they’ve got rivers of gold”.
-> prosperous, rich, find your fortune.
Empire State of Mind - Alicia Keys:
“I can make it anywhere”
-> place to follow your dreams.
How is New York represented by TV and film?
Friends:
Friendly community, funny, ordinary life.
Gossip girl:
Drama, rich people, high statuses.
How is New York represented by advertising?
‘I love New York ‘ slogan…
Suggests it is a city for everyone to enjoy and should be visited.
How is London represented by advertising?
visitlondon.com…
• Photos show a beautiful, sunny and clean city.
• Family friendly activities.
• Mentions all famous landmarks.
-> biased as purpose is to attract tourists, therefore wouldn’t show less attractive areas - deprivation, run down, derelict land.
How is London represented by books and novels?
Sherlock Holmes (Arthur Conan Doyle):
• foggy, seedy back alleys, crime ridden east end.
-> negative view is romanticised by author.
-> not like London today, Clean Air Act (1956).
Bridget Jones’ Diary (Helen Fielding):
• well-off yet lonely woman in early thirties.
-> positive but possibly unrealistic.
Oliver Twist (Charles Dickens):
• poverty, slums, disease, child pickpockets and gangs.
• violence towards women and children.
How is London represented by film?
Mary Poppins…
• shows one of the nicest neighbourhoods in London.
• sweet nanny.
-> positive light.
The Long a Good Friday…
• gangsters, crime filled area of London
-> negative light.
How is London represented by TV?
East Enders:
• rough area, drama, family problems -> negative.
Made in Chelsea:
• drama, rich people, high standard of living -> positive but skewed.
The Bill:
• high crime rate -> negative.
BBC London News:
• backdrop shoes pretty skyline of London, major landmarks.
How is London represented by music?
London Calling (The Clash): "London is drowning"..."a nuclear era". -> connotations of death, dystopia.
Streets of London (Ralph McTell):
“Closed down markets”…“dirt in her hair and clothes in rags”…“the rain cried a little pity”.
-> deprivation, miserable weather, poverty.
Chim Chim Cher-ee (Mary Poppins):
“On the rooftops of London, oh what a sight”
-> beautiful, magical.
How is London represented by poetry?
London (William Blake):
“New born infants tear”…“chimney sweepers cry”.
-> sad and gloomy.
Composed upon Westminster Bridge September 3rd 1802 (William Wordsworth):
“Earth has not anything to show more fair”…“majesty”…“beauty of the morning”…“all bright and glittering in the smokeless air”.
-> beautiful, although may be bias.
How is London represented by statistics?
- 699,686 crimes in London 2013-2014 -> 13% less than previous year.
- £1106 average monthly rent 2013 -> 7.9% increase from 2012.
- Over 300 languages spoken -> ethnically diverse.
- 63% of population are under 44 years old.
- Third highest number of millionaires in the world.
- 32% of household waste is reused / recycled.
How is California represented by statistics?
- Population 39 million.
- 1.2million crimes per year -> 30.45 per 1000 residents.
- Higher crime rate than national average.
- Unemployment rate 8.5%.
- 16 million households.
- 61,000 households account for 1/5th of state’s income.
How is California represented by TV?
Bachelor Pad, Loves Me Loves Me Not, The FBI.
- > a place for young, single people.
- > a place to find love.
- > high crime rate (supported by statistics).
How is California represented by film?
Pretty Woman (1990), Clueless (1995), Hollywood Homicide (2003).
- > rich and wealthy people.
- > prosperous.
- > high crime rate / dangerous.
How is California represented by songs?
Paradise City (Guns n Roses).
“Where the grass is green”…“rags to riches”…“you gotta keep pushing for the fortune and fame”.
-> prosperous place.
-> can achieve your dreams -> American dream.
-> have to work hard.
How is California represented by advertising?
“California, dream big” campaign by Visit California.
- > full of culture.
- > something amazing there for everyone.
- > natural beauty and bustling cities.
How is California represented by books?
East of Eden (John Steinbeck).
• prostitution, troubled families that appear to be perfect, domestic violence.
-> California is a deceiving place where problems affect every part of life.
Name the case study to use for continuity and change
Devonport, Plymouth
Is it endogenous factors or exogenous factors that have led to change in Devonport over the last 50 years?
Exogenous - government policy
What was Devonport like originally?
- Naval dockyard -> due to location.
- One of fastest growing towns in 18th century.
- 1952 -> storage enclave, enclosed by 3m wall.
- Community split in two.
- Residents rehoused in poor housing.
- Decline of naval jobs due to military cutbacks -> social / economic problems in 1980s.
Which type of government policy was used to improve Devonport? When?
New Deal For Communities -> 2001-2011
How did the New Deal For Communities policy improve Devonport?
- Physical environment has changed.
- Removal of dividing naval wall.
- Inter-wall housing / flats demolished.
- Historical landmarks incorporated into redevelopment.
- Aim to attract wider range of people -> social housing built.
- Local people have benefitted despite there still being some deprivation.
