Changing places Flashcards
the concept of a place has 3 factors to it
Location- ‘where’ is a place for example the coordinates
Locale- unlike location takes into account the effect that people have on their setting. a place is shaped by the people, cultures and customs within it.
sense of place- refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. this may be completely different at another persons perspective.
-Glastonbury LOCALE
own unique character, home to a number of visitors for
-Glastonbury Abby
-Glastonbury Tor (known by national trust describes it as ‘one tt5the most spiritual sites in the country’)
-Glastonbury SENSE OF PLACE
great for people who are interested in paganism, religious connections or the King Arthur affiliation.
the Glastonbury festival also evokes emotion which takes place every year.
3 theoretical approaches to a place
descriptive approach - the idea that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and is distinct
social constructionist approach - sees the place as a particular product and social processes occurring at a particular time.
Phenomenological approach - this looks at the individual PERSONAL experiences of a place.
term ‘topophilia’ is a term to describe the affective bond between ‘people’ and ‘place’ and argued that it is through PERCEPTION + EXPERIENCE that we know a place
identity of a place (LOCALISM)
this is an affection that one has for a place. it rarely manifests itself in a political sense and can be demonstrated in ‘NIMBYISM’ (not in my backyard) this is when people are reluctant to change and development
identity of a place (REGIONALISM)
conscious of, and loyalty to a distinct region with a population that shares similarities
identity of a place (NATIONALISM)
loyalty and devotion to a nation, which creates a sense of national consciousness.
PATRIOTISM could be considered as an example of a place
what place in the UK shows identification in their area
Cornwall leads a campaign for a regional government. Mebyon Kernow party has led the campaign for the formation of the National Assembly for Cornwall.
the party believes the country of Cornwall with its own distinct
-identity
-language
-Heritage
they believe that they have the same right to self-rule as parts of the UK like Scotland.
what factors do people identify on a national level
-common language
-flag
-through cultural and sporting events
Glocalisation on a place
global capitalism has eroded local cultures and produced identical or homogenised places
-seen through global chains such as Starbucks
what is clown town
when a settlement where the high street is dominated by chain stores (AKA: PLACELESSNESS)
ANTI- Glocalisation
anti-costa campaign in Totnes, Devon in 2012, so multinational companies are also increasingly having to adapt to the local market.
McDonald’s franchise has over 36,000 restaurants in over 100 countries around the world
-in different countries, they adapt to different countries
-HINDU removed beef
-MUSLIM removed pork
what have Devon done to stop economic leakage
Devon - introduced a local currency with the aim of encouraging people to shop locally and keep money in the local economy.
-MADE OWN CURRENCY to aim to shop locally
-Also Bristol Pound in 2012 which was very successful
Belonging
one of the main reasons a place is seen as sustainable and successful.
Regeneration schemes now focus on the social environment > than on the built environment
factors affecting belonging AKA/KW: POSITINALITY
-age
-gender
-sexuality
-socio-economic status
-religion
-level of education
-race and ethnicity are linked to a place however ethnicity is a broader term which can be defined as belonging to a social group that has a common tradition such as language
why is London known for being so multicultural London
known for being one of the most diverse cities in the world that host
-the biggest Chinese new year festival outside china
-Vaisakhi (Sikh New Year)
-Shubbak festival of Arab culture
what did WADHURST, EAST SUSSEX win in 2023
won the best place to Live in 2023
what is a Transition town movement
founded as a response to the threat of climate change and the excessive use of oil
- it has also solved Glocalisation and the loss of identity
one of the leaders ROB HOPKINS (paraphrase)
if your street changed —> then the town would change —> enough people did so it would change the REIMAGINING / REBUILDING.
1200 Transitions worldwide and an increasing number of more are emerging with communities sharing:
-skills
-growing food
-providing skills
-fighting for inequality
what is an insider of a place
someone who identifies with that place and the more profoundly inside you are the stronger you identify with a place.
differences in place canary whalf insider/outsider
businessman would feel ‘in place’
homeless man would feel ‘out of place’
actions that are out of place
-graffiti on historical buildings
-litter
-crime
how media have painted a poor image about outsiders
lots of reports of migrants fleeing their home country to try and find a ‘better life’ however this has caused a refugee crisis to state power
media has used metaphors associated with blood and the use of this negative terminology has given a STIGMA TO MIGRANTS and people want to keep them out to keep CULTURE and PROTECT ‘OUR PLACE’
categories of a place
could refer to the geological distance between a place, or the emotional connection with a particular place and how comfortable a person feels in a place
near places - DO NOT mean familiarities and belonging to an area
far places- don’t always mean strange, uncomfortable and different as with travel + media places feel more globalised
2 different types of places
experienced place- person has spent time in this area
media place- place seen on social media/films/read about
factors affecting the character of a place
-socio-economic factors such as employment opportunities, amenities, education attainment, opportunities, income, health, crime rate, societies
-cultural factors such as heritage, religion, language
-mobility of the population for work and leisure
-political factors such as the role and strength of local councils or resident groups
-build environment land use, age and type of housing, building density, building materials
-location: urban or rural, proximity to other settlements, main roads and physical features such as rivers, coasts
-demographic factors: population size and structure (age and gender), ethnicity
-physical geography such as relief, attitude, aspect, drainage, soil and rock type
who are the agents of change
those who impact a place whether through living, working or trying to improve that place
(eg: residents, community groups, corporate entities, central and local government and the media)
what are endogenous factors
refers to internal factors of the place
-geology
-land use
-social and economic characteristics such as population size
what are exogenous factors
external factors affecting a place.
-demographic
-soci0-economic
-cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people
-resources
-money and investment
examples of continuity and change at a variety of scales Medellin, Colombia
-a long-term period associated with drugs and violence and dubbed the most dangerous city in the world
-unemployment, crime and poverty were widespread and this in turn created SOCIAL INEQUALITY
HOWEVER
-become a model of regeneration and sustainability through long-term investments
—> Planners identified that accessibility was the key factor to integration which halted the long divide in social classes within the city. —> Even the poorest who live in shanty towns and they can now access the city boooooming economic city centre with GONDOLA down the valley/ series of outdoor escalators/METROBUS rapid transit system which has dedicated bus lanes
-education, and social programmes developed have been developed to help underprivileged children
-still problems with poverty rates falling but inequality in classes have rich and the poor has increased.
meaning and representation of a place
meaning- individual or collective perception of a place
representation- how a place is portrayed or seen in society
how has BELFAST changed inorder to rebrand
-city suffered during the 30 years of the troubles but has seen economic and commercial growth since the Good Friday peace agreement.
-rebranded into ‘quarters’
-titanic quarters is one of the largest brownfield sites in Europe and has the Titanic studios and more than 100 companies have been established there (Microsoft)
-tourism has brought in 6.5 million people = 450mil
-shows that this has been a success to change the image of Belfast as it is attractive and vibrant
re-imaging
dissociates a place with a bad past of either social deprivation, high crime, environmental pollution or industrial dereliction.
-can attract FDI
re-branding
redevelop and how they market themselves differently to create a NEW IDENTITY.
-can then attract FDI, tourism and residents
regeneration
the long-term process involving redevelopment and the use of social, economic and environmental action to reverse urban decline and create sustainable communties
