behavioural//emotional//cognitive characteristics of mental disorders

Question 1

phobias (BEHAVIOURAL)

Answer 1

PANIC - occur in presence of the phobia stimulus. (cry/scream/runaway) —>children may freeze /// cling onto something or have a tantrum

ENDURANCE - sufferer remains in the presence of phobic stimulus but continuous to experience high level of anxiety. (FLYING = UNEVITABLE)

AVIODANCE - conscious effort to avoid facing their fears —> hard to go about daily life. (fear of public toilets)

Question 2

EMOTIONAL phobias

Answer 2

ANXIETY - Phobias are classed as anxiety disorders. They involve an emotional response of anxiety + fear. Anxiety can be difficult to experience any positive emotions

FEAR - Immediate and extremely unpleasant response we experience when we encounter or think about the phobic stimulus

Question 3

COGNITIVE (PHOBIAS)

Answer 3

-People with phobias process info about stimuli differently from other objects or stimuli

SELECTIVE ATTENTION - we keep our attention on dangerous thing = protective mechanism —> not good when fear is irrational

IRRATIONAL BELIEFS - “if I blush people may think I’m weak” INCREASES pressure when in social environment —————–> NEGATIVE SCHEMA

COGNITIVE DISTORTION - The phobic perception of the phobia stimuli may be distorted

Question 4

DEPRESSION BEHAVIOURAL

Answer 4

ACTIVITY LEVELS - reduced energy levels = lethargic, tend to withdraw from work, school and social life. psychomotor agitation is struggle to relax

DISTRUPTION TO SLEEP AND EATING -
Insomnia (reduced sleep)
hypersomnia (increased need of sleep)
-> development of eating disorders too much too little

AGGRESSION AND SELF HARM - verbally///physically aggressive
self harm

Question 5

DEPRESSION (EMOTIONAL)

Answer 5

LOWERED MOOD - is emotional element of depression.
-patterns often describe themselves as worthless and empty

ANGRY - can lead to directed of (extreme anger) at the self or others
-more negative emotions than fewer positive

LOWER SELF ESTEEM - how much we view ourselves. often reduced self esteem.
- some experience self loathing (hating themselves)

Question 6

COGNITIVE (DEPRESSION)

Answer 6

POOR CONCENTRATION - unable to stick to a task
PC + Poor decision making = interferes with ones work

DWELLING ON NEGATIVE - pay attention to negative
- recall negative and unhappy thoughts

ABSOULUTIST THINKING - suffer thinks in BLACK OR WHITE

Question 7

OCD (BEHAVIOUR)

Answer 7

COMPULSIONS - OCD feel compelled to repeat a behaviour (washing hands)

COMPULSIONS RELAX ANXIETY - 10% have no obsessions just have irrational anxiety
- majority try manage anxiety producer by obsessions

AVOIDANCE - keep away from situations that trigger anxiety (germs)

Question 8

EMOTIONAL (OCD)

Answer 8

ANXIETY AND STRESS - powerful anxiety that accompanies with obsessions + compulsions
- urge to repeat behaviour (compulsion) creates anxiety

ACCOMPANYING DEPRESSION - Anxiety may bring about lowered mood —> compulsive behaviour tends to relief from ANXIETY but this is temporary

GUILT AND DISGUST - OCD involves negative emotions such as irrational guilt

Question 9

OCD (CONGITIVE)

Answer 9

OBSESIVE THOUGHTS - 90% 0f 0CD suffer with obsessive thoughts

COGNITIVE STRATEGIES To DEAL WITH OBSESSIONS - eg: prayer is abnormal strategy

INSIGHT INTO EXESSIVE ANXIETY - they think worse case scenario