Changing landscapes Q+A Flashcards
Use the figures to describe variations in processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk. (5)
- They all have landslides
- 100% of weyborne is landslides
- Mundesley has landslides, wind erosion and water erosion (only one to have 3)
- only mudlflows in overstrand
- none of the places experience all 4 processes of erosion
Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. (3)
One variation is exposure along the coast, and the strength of the winds. Some places will be exposed, like the headlands, whilst bay will be sheltered, altering the rate of erosion per area.
Assess the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape at one or more locations. (8)
Lyme regis hard engineering- positives and drawbacks
Aldbrough, north Yorkshire - terminal groyne syndrome
Management at Ainsdale, Lancashire sand dunes
How have these been effective
Use figure 2 to identify characteristics of both high and low energy coastal environments.
High energy
- Clifffs at nash point
- Wave cut platforms 9267
- Bays at St. Donats
- Headlands - whitmore stairs
Low energy
- Beaches- traeth mawr
Suggest one way in which the landform traeth mawr (cliffs) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system (3)
- cliffs provide input sediment
- material from the beach erodes the cliffs through abrasion
- material from the beach can be transported to other beaches through LSD
Examine the role of marine erosional processes in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal erosion. (8)
- formation of stacks and stumps
-geology (hard and soft rock) - temporal changes (winter vs summer)
- weathering like freeze thaw weakening foundations
- Vegetation
- human structures like groynes may slow down wave energy (example yorkshire)
Use figure 1 to compare shoreline changes shown at location 1 and location 2. (5)
- overall decreasenin shoreline change (erosion)
- 1945-1960 location 1 deposition
- location 2 has higher retreating level until 1970, where location 2 steeply decreases
- location 1 has greatest range
Suggest how wave type could explain the overall change from 1945 - 2014 (3)
Destructive waves, more energy and power, larger fetch and thus greater backwash, removing sediment from the beach.
Examine the role of coastal transport processes in the formation of one landform of coastal deposition. (8)
Landform (bays + spits)
LSD
Suspension, traction, saltation and solution
Human activity + erosion (HAAS)(provides sediment)
Use figure 2 to describe the links between time, space and process. ( 5)
Small scale - smaller impact (sediment movement)
larger scale - larger impact (shoreline advance and retreat)
- spatial scale of processes increase with time
- type of processes changes with time/spatial scale
Explain why changes in sea level take place over a millenia. (3)
Earth has to heat, glaciers have to melt, spread of water, rise in sea level takes place over a long amount of time.
Examine the importance of geology in the formation of one landform of coastal erosion.
Landform - bays and headlands
How geology (hard and soft rock impacts this)
HAAS
weathering
human impact
Use figures 1 and 1b to compare the characteristics of the two beaches. (5)
- anglesey has 30m, pendine has 400m
- angleysey has rocks, pendine has sand
- pendine is stright, anglesey is curved
- anglesey in steeper, pendine is flat
Suggest one reason why the beach in figure 1a is backed by sand dunes. (3)
Vegetation traps sand, builds up dunes
Protects the sediment from the wind
Assess the importance of constructive waves in the development of beach profiles. (8)
- characteristics of constructive waves
- how they influence beach profiles
- other sources like human, seasons, storm events and spatial variation
- destructive waves also develop profiles
