Changing Economic World Flashcards

Question

What are the historical causes of uneven development?

Answer 1

1) . Many richer countries have a history or industrial and economic development 2) . Political instability from 1400s to now has held back development as it resulted in civil wars and police struggles where money had been spent of armaments and some governments have been corrupt

Answer 2

- 4 in every 10 deaths are children under 15 yrs - complications in childbirth Are one of the main causes of death among children under 5 - infectious diseases are main causes of death eg hiv/aids or lung infections

Answer 3

- 7 in every 10 deaths are people over 70 yrs - only 1 in every 10 deaths are children under 15 yrs - chronic diseases are main causes of death eg heart and lung disease and cancer

Answer 4

Most developed countries enjoy the greatest wealth - in 2014, fastest growing wealth was north america which holds 35% of total global wealth - Africas share of global wealth is very small about 1%

Answer 5

Migration is the movement of people from place to place. It can be voluntary or it can be forced.

Answer 6

Immigrant - a person who moves into a country Emigrant - a person who moves out of a country Economic migrant - a person who moves voluntarily to seek a better life

Answer 7

A person forced to move from their country of origin, as a result of civil war or natural disasters

Answer 8

A person forced to move from their home but who stays in their country of origin

Answer 9

Many countries chose to invest money into LICs fo increase profit by improving harbours or ports ot by the development of new industries - this can support a country's development by producing employment and income. As economies grow, poverty decreases and education improves. People become more politically involved, leading to better governments

Answer 10

Brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure-> multiplier effect

Answer 11

Countriess with tropical beaches, spectacular landscapes or abundant wildlife have become tourist destinations. This has led to investment and increased income from abroad, which can be used for improving education, infrastructure and hi using

Answer 12

Its is in the west indies and is a middle income country, whose economy is based on a range of minerals eg oil, agricultural products eg rum and sugar and manufacturing. It has suffered from slow growth, debt and high unemployment

Answer 13

It has beautiful beaches, a warm sunny climate and a rich cultural heritage. It also has good international air communications and is a hub for cruise ships

Answer 14

It generates taxes, employment and income. Over the last few decades, it has helped raise the level of development and reduce development gap in jamaica - in 2014, tourism contributed to 24% of jamaicas GDP, taxes paid to the government contribute futher to the development of a country

Answer 15

- its the main source of employment, providing 200,000 jobs either directly (transport /hotels) or indirectly (shops/banking) - boosts local economy as residents spend their income in shops, people learn new skills to boost job prospects and standard of living has improved

Answer 16

- led to a high investment on the north coast where most tourism is, some improvements to roads and airport but part of the island is still isolated. - new hotel accommodation and port for cruise liners have been built

Answer 17

Wealthy people living in nothern tourist areas have high standard of living however other areas there are people living in poor houses with poor access to basic needs

Answer 18

Aid is when a NGO eg oxfam donates resources to another country to help it develop, or improve peoples lives. - long term and freely given aid addresses development gap it enables countries to invest development projects such as road and water management that will benefit people in the long run

Answer 19

Its a sustainable technology that's appropriate to the needs, skills knowledge and wealth of local people - it takes the form of small scale projects often associated with agriculture, water or health. They involve communities and can make differences

Answer 20

Seeks to reduce the development gap by improving the quality of life for ordinary farmers - it ensures that producers in poorer countries get a fair deal eg by guaranteeing the farmer gets a fair price, farmer gets all the money for the sale of his crop and part of the price is invested in local community development projects

Answer 21

Can help poorer countries invest their money into development projects such as industry or infrastructure. By cancelling their debts, they can use money to improve the quality of life for their people. - however it can lead to problems such as countries may get into futher debt by expecting it to be written off in the future or corrupt governments may keep the money

Answer 22

Its a small scale finance support group, available directly from banks set up to help the poor. Microfinance loans enable people to set up small businesses and helps them to become self sufficient. As small businesses thrive, employment opportunities increase as well as incomes

Answer 23

Its a NEE and is west Africa, its capital is Abuja and borders Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. It has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons

Answer 24

- it is one of the fastest growing economies of Africa and in 2014, it had the highest GDP in the continent and the largest manufacturing sector. - has the highest farming output with 70% in agriculture eg subsistence farming - country has huge potential and could pave the way in africas future development

Answer 25

- its experiencing rapid economic development in 2014, it was the world's 21st largest country. - supplies 2.7% of the worlds oil, the 12th largest producer. Much of its economic growth has been based on oil revenues - developed a diverse economy with telecommunications, media and financial services - its the 5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions around the world

Answer 26

- in the 1960s, african countries gained their independence however butter power struggles resulted in many dictatorships and civil wars from 1967-1970 - lack of political stability affected the development and led to widespread corruption - many countries are now investing in Nigeria eg China is making big improvements in contruction in Abuja and American cooperations such as Walmart and IT giants rg microsoft are operating in Nigeria

Answer 27

- its a multiethnic, multifaith country, this social diversity is one of Nigerias greatest strengths but also a source of conflict - in 1967, lgbo dominated south east tried to separate from Nigeria to become the republic of Biafra, which resulted in civil war until 1970 - economic inequality, in the north and south of Nigeria has created new religions and tensions, with the rise of islamic fundamentalist group Boko Haram has had a negative impact on the economy with a reduction in investment & rise in unemployment

Answer 28

- huge variations in wealth and development - urban areas have greater shares of services and facilities eg 60% of children in urban areas attend secondary school, only 36% do in urban areas which encourages rural to urban migration - GDP varies per person its US$ 3617 in the south while in the south east its Us$292

Answer 29

1) enjoys a rich and cultural lifestyle, Nigerion music is enjoyed across the continent and beyond 2) nigerian cinema Nollywood is the second largest in the world 3) Nigerian football team has won the african cup of nations three times, most recently in 2013

Answer 30

1) . Northern nigeria - semi desert futher south theres tropical grassland mainly used for grazing 2) . Jos Plateau - upland region is wetter and cooler and densly populated forest 3) . Southern nigeria - high temps and rainfall and much of the area is forest

Answer 31

- employment in agriculture (primary sector) has fallen due to increasing use of farm machinery and better pay and conditions in other sectors of the economy

Answer 32

(Secondary sector) being under a stable government has increased employment in oil production and manufacturing etc - the growth of communications, retail and finance in the service (tertiary) sector

Answer 33

Accounts for 10% of Nigerias GDP. | Among goods produced are processed foods, textiles, leather items and soaps and detergents

Answer 34

1) . Regular paid work gives people a more secure income and provides an even larger home market for purchasing things like cars, clothes 2) . As industries grow, more people are employed and revenue from taxes increases 3) . A thriving insurance sector attracrs foreign investment which stimulates futher economic growth

Answer 35

A large company that operates in several countries, they can invest huge amounts if money and expertise while benefitting from tax incentives, cheaper labour, large internal markets and laxer environmental laws

Answer 36

About 40 that are operating, the majoruty have headquarters in UK, Europe and USA

Answer 37

1) . Companies provide employment & development of new skills 2) . More money is spent on the economy 3) . Investment by companies in local infrastructure and education 4) . Other local companies benefit from increased orders 5) . Valuable export revenues are earned

Answer 38

1) . Local workers are sometimes poorly paid 2) . Working conditions are sometimes poor 3) . Management jobs go to foreign employers brought in by the TNC 4) . Much of the profit generated goes abroad 5) . Grants and subsidies used to attract TNCs could have been used to invest in Nigerian Industry

Answer 39

- royal dutch shell is an anglo-dutch company (UK,Netherlands) and since the discovery of oil in 1958, its operations in the Niger Delta have been controversial

Answer 40

1) . Making major contributions in taxes and export revenue 2) . Providing employment for 65,000 nigerian workers and a futher 250,000 jobs in related industry 3) . Giving 91% of shell contracts to Nigeria companies

Answer 41

1) . Oil spills have caused water pollution & soil degradation, reducing agricultural production and fishing yields 2) . Militant groups disrupt oil supply in the delta 3) . Oil theft and sabotage are big problems in the region, reducing pollution levels & costing TNCs and the government billions of dollars every year

Answer 42

Until 1960, it was part of the British Empire, however since becoming independent it has become a member of the british commonwealth - its now a leading member of african political & economic groups as well as the United Nations

Answer 43

1) . African Union - economic planning and peacekeeping group to provide troops with other countries 2) . OPEC - aims to stabilise the price of oil and to ensure a regular supply 3) . ECOWAS - trading group made up of west african countries

Answer 44

- main exports are crude & refined petroleum, natural gas, cocoa and cotton - fastest growing import is telephones, imported from China - crude oil dominates exports, with India having the greatest demand, it has increased exports by 40% between 2013&2014 - 40% of population employed in agriculture, although its importance has reduced - cocoa and rubber exports are low, with most exported to Barbados for processing

Answer 45

Usually follows a natural disaster, war on conflict and may take the formor food, water, shelter or medical supplies

Answer 46

Long term support given by charities, governments etc, it aims to improve people's quality of life by providing safe water, education and improvements to infrastructure

Answer 47

1). 4% of aid given to african countries, some comes from international organisations like World Bank and countries such as UK and USA

Answer 48

1) . Aid from USS helps to educate and protect people against the spread of HIV and AIDS 2) . UAAID - funded community care project provides support packages for orphans and vulnerable children 3) . In 2014, world bank approval US$500 million to fund development projects and provide longer term loans to businesses

Answer 49

1) . Corruption in the government, and by individuals is a major factor in loss of aid 2) . Donors may have political influence over what happens to aid 3) . A country may become independent, which could slow down its economic development

Answer 50

1) . In kano, kudana and lagos many harmful pollutants go directly into the open drains and water channels 2) . Some industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land, threatening groundwater quality 3) . Industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases that can cause respiratory and heart problems in humans

Answer 51

1) . Squatter settlements are common in most cities 2) . Services have failed to keep peace with the role of economic growth 3) . Traffic congestion is a major problem in most nigerian cities, leading to high levels of exhaust emissions

Answer 52

1) . Tin mining led to soil erosion and local water supplies were also polluted with toxic chemicals 2) . Oil spills in the niger delta have cuased fires and acid rain which harms plants and aquatic ecosystems

Answer 53

1) . Reliable, better paid jobs in manufacturing or services 2) . Better access to safe water and sanitation 3) . Better quality health care with more doctors and hospitals

Answer 54

Been increasing steadily since 2005, and in 2011, it had one of the highest average HDI improvements in the world over the past decade

Answer 55

- political - the need forna continuing stable government to encourage inward investment - environmental- pollution of the Niger delta by oil spills have devastated the lives of the local Ogeni people - social - distrust remains between several tribal groups and there are also religious divides which spreads fear

Answer 56

- before 1800, most people worked in farming, mining or related (primary sector) - after the industrial revolution, people moved to towns for work in ships/manufactoring (manufactoring sector) - last few decades, the tertiary sector has increased with jobs in services eg health care and retailing - recently, the Quarternary sector has developed with jobs in research and media

Answer 57

The decline of a country's manufacturing (secondary) sector due to the exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and overseas competition

Answer 58

1) . Machines and technology replaced many people in modern industries 2) . Countries eg China produce cheaper goods due to less expensive labour 3) . Lack on investment, high labour costs and outdated machinery made UK products expensive

Answer 59

A process thay creates a more connected world, with increases in the global movement of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism)

Answer 60

Partly responsible for the explosion of the Quarternary sector, with people now working on global brands and products also boosted world trade and enable more imported products to the UK

Answer 61

1) . Government created state run industries 2) . Government money was spent on propping up declining UK industries 3) . 1970s, was a decade of strikes and social unrest

Answer 62

1) . State run industries were sold off to private shareholders to create a more competitive business environment 2) . UK industrial derelict areas were transformed into new financial centres and retail cottages

Answer 63

1) . Aim of the government was to rebalance the economy, by rebuilding manufacturing sector and relying less on service industries 2) . Policies have included: - easier access to loans and finance - more investment in manufacturing industries

Answer 64

The shift of some HIC economies from producing goods to providing sevices

Answer 65

- internet access enables people to work from home - over 1.3 million people are working in the IT sector - new businesses are directly involved with IT, manufacturing and designing software - uk is one of the worlds leading digital economies, attracting investment from abroad

Answer 66

- sevice industries produce services rather than products, it contributes 79% of the UK economic output - uk is world leading centre for financial services, it accounts for 10% of the GDP and employs over 2 million people

Answer 67

- its part of the quaternary sector and employs 60,000 highlt educated people, estimated to contribute £3 billion to the uk economy - usually done by universities, private companies and government bodies eg BBC, engineering and environment agency

Answer 68

- a science park is a collection of scientific and technical knowledge based businesses located on a single site - there're over 100 in the UK with 75,000 people working in them. Most are unis which enables them to use research facilities and employ graduates

Answer 69

- a business park is an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses, usually located on the edges of towns because: 1. Land tends to be cheaper 2. Access is better for workers and distribution 3. Businesses can benefit from working together

Answer 70

1) . Manufacturing plants can look very dull and uninter and can have a negative visual effect 2) . Industrial processes can cause air & water pollution 3) . Transport of raw materials and manufacturing products is usually y road, which increases levels of air pollution

Answer 71

1) . Technology can be used to reduce harmful emissions from power stations 2) . Heavy fines imposed when an industrial pollution incident occurs 3) . Stricter environment targets put into place for industry on water quality, air pollution and landscape

Answer 72

Its a limestone quarry in the Mendip Hills, south of Bristol. It employs over 100 people and contributes £15 million to the economy each year, limestone chippings produced at the quarry are mostly used in construction

Answer 73

1) . Natural habitats were damaged or destroyed 2) . Water sources were polluted, particularly if toxic chemicals were used 3) . Landscapes were transformed, leaving scars when quarries were abandoned

Answer 74

There are stricter controls in quarrying to ensure that its sustainable, strict regulations on blasting, removal of dust from roads and landscaping 1) . Transporting chiplings by rail rather than road 2) . Monitoring of water quality, airborne emissions and noise 3) . Restoring 80 hectares of the site with grass and fields