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Geography > Bristol > Flashcards

Bristol Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the UK’s major cities grow?

A

Grew in areas where there were raw materials like coal and iron ore e.g Manchester or a part e.g Loverpool
- london developed because of its position as the capital city

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2
Q

What is a Chlorpleth?

A
  • uses colour to show the density of something e.g population map
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3
Q

Why did the population increase in London and South east?

A

Jobs and centre of finance, culture

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4
Q

What are physical factors?

A
  • relief- steep or flat
  • climate - temperature, rainfall
  • soils
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5
Q

What are human factors?

A
  • communications- transport
  • economic - jobs, industry
  • trading opputunites
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6
Q

Where is Bristol? What is it like?

A

Largest city in the south west of england.

It has a population of 440,500

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7
Q

What does Bristols wide vairety of network communications include?

A
  • M4 corrodor which links to Wales
  • the M5 links Bristol to the Midlands and west of the south west
  • has an airport which links to many european centres
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8
Q

What is the tourism aspect like in Bristol?

A
  • 8th most popular city for foreign visitors as it includes bristol zoo and Brunel’s ship SS Great Britain
  • Several social and cultural roles including many theatres and music venues, two cathedrals
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9
Q

What factors have increased Bristol’s importance internationally?

A
  • good rail and road links give easy access to London
  • Bristol airport links the city to major European cities and USA
  • has high level of inward investment
  • has developed global industries
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10
Q

How does a hard-working and motivated workforce effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migration advantages
- if workers have a positive attitude they will produce a good standard of products which will be sold locally and nationally which leaves Bristol with a high income and good reputation

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11
Q

How does a enriched cultural life of the city effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migration advantage

- if there is a wide range of activities to do it will attract tourists which earns more income for Bristol as a whole

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12
Q

How does young migrants balancing out the ageing population effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migration advantage
- young migrants can help to contribute to Bristols community by getting jobs, it also means there won’t be a sudden decrease in population as there is a balance. And the young in the future may have kids

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13
Q

How does the need to provide education for children whose first language isn’t English effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migration disadvantage
- it could require more teachers to do the job which will cost the government money; it could also put children who aren’t migrants, education at a disadvantage as they may not get the attention or help they need

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14
Q

How does the pressure of housing effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migrant disadvantage
- many of the migrants won’t have the money to buy or even rent a home which puts pressure of the government as they will have to provide a place of accommodation for them

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15
Q

How does the pressure of employment effect Bristol? Migration advantage or disadvantage?

A

Migrant disadvantage
- migrants will need a job to pay for the basic necessities of life which the government may not provide; it becomes a problem when there aren’t enough jobs or when the skill set the migrants have may not be right for the job

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16
Q

How has urban change in Bristol created culture opportunities?

A
  • Variety of nightclubs, bars, concerts, theatre, opera, dance events
  • A former tobacco factory now a venue
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17
Q

How has urban change in Bristol created sport opportunities?

A
  • Two professional football teams and rugby team union
  • Head quarters of Gloucestershire county cricket
  • Stadiums now being upgraded to also host conferences and provide leisure opportunities
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18
Q

How has urban change in Bristol created shopping opportunities?

A
  • Cabot circus opened in 2008, costed £500m to develop

- Includes shops, leisure facilities, cafes, cinema, hotel and 250 apartments

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19
Q

Why did the shopping facilities needed to be improved in Bristol?

A
  • Compete with other cities
  • Create jobs
  • Reduce crime
  • Improve the environment
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20
Q

What other facilities have been created to encourage people to come back to shop in the CBD?

A

Floral displays, new street furniture, installing CCTV for safety, development of open street markets

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21
Q

What do you know about the harbour side?

A
  • Has been redeveloped and renovated and builds on the historical past to provide a destination suitable for all ages including shop, restaurants and museums
  • Festivals also held here
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22
Q

What are the environmental challenges in Bristol?

A
  • many industrial buildings that are not in use have become derelict
  • demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl
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23
Q

Where are the areas of dereliction in Bristol?

A
  • Mainly in the inner city

- wherever there is a concentration of redundant buildings

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24
Q

What is stokes croft? What is it known for?

A
  • Area has become notorious for its derelict housing and abandoned properties including perry’s carriage works
  • The area has suffered from riots and antisocial behaviour
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25
Q

What is being done to improve stoke croft?

A

Bristol city centre have obtained lottery grants to help improve the poor economic activity and environmental decay in the area , its now well known for its independent shops, nightclubs amd numerous pieces of graffiti

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26
Q

How has urban growth led to urban sprawl?

A
  • Bristols growing population and the demolition of older areas of slum dwellings has led to an increased demand for new housing
  • Bristol was heavily bombed in WW2 leading to loss of over 3200 houses
  • Many new homes were owned by council
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27
Q

What was at Finzels Reach? What’s there now?

A
  • a 2 hectare brownfield site near the CBD with a redundant sugar refinery and old brewery buildings
  • the facades of the old buildings have been retained
  • it is now a high density development with office spaces, shops and apartments
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28
Q

What is being done to reduce urban sprawl in Bristol?

A
  • Bristol has done well to develop brownfield sites
  • by 2026, over 30,000 new homes are planned on brownfield sites
  • Bristol has successfully developed many smaller scale brownfield sites such as Temple Meads, Harbourside and Finzels reach
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29
Q

What is Bristol’s atmospheric pollution like?

A
  • vehicle emissions are the main cause of air pollution in the city
  • an estimated 200 people die a year due to air pollution
  • main bus routes are often the most polluted
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30
Q

How is Bristol trying to improve pollution problems?

A
  • reducing speed limits on motorways and in residential areas
  • a smartphone app with information about public transport
  • an electric vehicle programme with charging points in 40 public car parks
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31
Q

What is Bristol’s eco friendly poo bus?

A
  • powered by human and food waste and will transport people between bath and Bristol airport
  • the bus will run on bio methane gas produced at sewage works
  • the vehicle can travel up to 300km in one tank of gas
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32
Q

What are Bristol’s waste problems?

A
  • amount of waste produced per head in 23% lower than the U.K. average
  • it is among the worst cities for amount of food waste it produces
33
Q

How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal?

A
  • reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill sites
  • reducing amount of waste generated per household by 15%
  • increasing amount of waste recycling by 50%
34
Q

Why has there been a major increase in recycling rate?

A
  • teachers are doing more to teach pupils in schools about the importance of recycling
  • more technological improvements in recycling
35
Q

What is inequality in Bristol?

A

Lack of investment in the city has led to social inequalities between different areas, in some areas there are high levels of social deprivation

36
Q

What is Filwood like?

A

In 2010 a survey revealed more than a third of people living in Filwood and over half the children were in very low income household

  • over 1300 crimes per year
  • poor access to shops selling fruit and vegetables
  • 36% of students got top grades at GCSE
  • third of people aged 16-24 are unemployed, over half are long term unemployed or have never worked
37
Q

What is Stoke Bishop like?

A

Very affluent suburb, an area that is home to many millionaires who live in large Victorian and Edwardian houses

  • fewer than 4% children living in poverty
  • less than 300 crimes per year
  • only 3% of people are unemployed
  • 94% of 16 year olds got highest grades in five or more GCSES
38
Q

What are the advantages of greenfield sites?

A
  • Cheaper to build on
39
Q

What are the disadvantages of greenfield sites?

A
  • Encourages urban sprawl
  • Loss of habitats
  • Encourages commuting and traffic congestion as people are travelling from city to countryside
40
Q

What are the advantages of brownfield sites?

A
  • Old buildings are given new life
  • Site already been built on - reduces urban sprawl
  • Uses unsightly areas which improve environment
  • Sites commonly in urban areas reduces demand for use of cars
41
Q

Why regeneration run down urban areas?

A
  • existing buildings can be put to a range of uses in any one site
  • the land is often disused or in state of dereliction
  • site has already been developed and so reduces urban sprawl
42
Q

Why did the temple quarter need regenerating?

A
  • It was very run down
  • Gave a bad impression to visitors, as it was the first part of the city seen by anyone driving from wells to the south of Bath
43
Q

What was the Temple quarter like before regeneration?

A
  • Developed as an industrial area
  • in 1841, Brunel built the first railway station, more railway siding were added
  • In the 20th century, the remaining terraced housing was removed in the process of slum clearance
44
Q

What took place in the regeneration of the temple quarter?

A
  • Area includes remains of ironworks and Brunels original train tracks
  • Former gasworks is now a car show room
  • Former industrial yards are now car parks
    A wood company now operates a former warehouse
45
Q

What are the areas within temple quarter?

A

1) . Avon riverside - old industrial building used for light industries, green open spaces created by demolishing diesel depot
2) . Silverthorne lane - remains of ironworks and gasworks, difficult to access due to railway layout
3) . Temple quay - former Industrial area
4) . Temple meads city gateway - dominate by temple meads railway stations, cut off from remaining area due to temple gate dual carriageway

46
Q

How has the enterprise zone status contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?

A
  • encourages economic growth and creates jobs

- offer a range of incentives to businesses to move there I.e lower rents and easier planning procedures

47
Q

How has improved access from in and around Bristol contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?

A
  • electrification shortens journey time to London
  • improved road layout links with Bristol to bath cycle path
  • improvements to temple meads station encourages people to travel by train
48
Q

How has the new bridge across river Avon to former diesel port contributed to the success of the temple quarter regeneration?

A
  • gives access to Bristol arena
49
Q

How has the area been regenerated?

A
  • create 4000 new jobs by 2020
  • 240,000cm3 of either refurbished buildings, homes, shops and the redeveloped railway station
  • engine shed = for High tech and creative businesses
  • temple studios = new digital and technical enterprises
  • glass wharf = new office development
  • arena island = with bridge to new Bristol arena
50
Q

What is the new Bristol arena like?

A
  • Arena will allow for smaller theatre style capacity events
  • Seating for 4000 people
  • Also can be used for major conventions, exhibition, and sporting events
  • Area around the area will become a place where people visit
  • Host outdoor events e.g. Ice rink in winter or theatre production
51
Q

What is sustainability?

A

A sustainable city is one that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs

52
Q

What are the inputs in sustainability?

A

Food - its if it’s grown outside the city on farms or is imported
Water - taken from rivers or from below ground and stored in reservoirs
Energy - most energy comes from burning fuels that are drilled or mined
Other resources - building materials, like timber and concrete plus other resources

53
Q

What are the outputs of sustainability?

A
  • Waste - a lot of it ends up in landfill sites or is burnt
  • Sewage - treated in sewage works before returned to a river
  • Pollution - spread behind the city in air or water
54
Q

What is east village?

A
  • Was first athletes village in the longing Olympic Games and then converted into new homes after the games
  • It’s aim was to provide 2,800 homes for both newcomers and local residents
55
Q

What is the transport like in east village?

A
  • Bus services and trains connect to London Underground

- Stratford international station provides a fast route to central London and Europe

56
Q

What are the green spaces like in east village?

A

10 hectare of parkland, with 100’s of trees and ponds to encourage wildlife and purify the air

57
Q

What are the modern high density apartments like in east village?

A
  • High standards of efficiency and insulation

- Less heat loss than from low rise individual homes

58
Q

What are the green rooves like in east village?

A
  • In residential blocks encourage wildlife

- Slows down rate at which water drains off

59
Q

What are the public services like in east village?

A

School for 3-18 year olds

Large health centre

60
Q

What are the shops and services like in east village?

A

Run by independent businesses to help keep money in the local economy and avoid the need to shop elsewhere

61
Q

What is the car parking like in east village?

A
  • Residents pay extra for car parking

- There are good cycling and walking routes to avoid people using cars

62
Q

What is the affordable housing like in east village?

A
  • Half the homes are rented at lower prices so that ordinary people in E.london can afford them
63
Q

What green spaces have been created in east village?

A
  • Wetland area with ponds were water is recycled
  • Large Central Park and adventure play for kids
  • Shared private green space within each block
  • Orchard fruit trees
64
Q

How efficient is water supply in east village?

A
  • Use is 50% less than average be urban area

- Rainwater is filtered and cleaned naturally in lines before being recycled for toilet flushing and irrigating plants

65
Q

How efficient is the energy supply in east village?

A
  • Use is 30% less than average urban area due to using a combined heat and power system it’s more effective as it produces heat and electricity
66
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - water?

A

Low flush toilet
Collect rain water
Use of grey water
Turn off water

67
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - other resources?

A

Reuse and recycled building materials

Recycle other things

68
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - pollution?

A

Cut down on bringing fossil fuels

Use other renewable sources e.g. Solar

69
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - transport?

A

Reduce use of petrol and diesel vehicles
Improve public transport
Have electric cars

70
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - waste?

A

Power public transport
Treat waste in sewage works
Encourage reduce reuse and recycle

71
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - sewage?

A

Have beds

Treated in sewage works

72
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - energy?

A

Lower heating
Automatic doors
Energy efficient light sensors
Renewable sources

73
Q

How can cities become more sustainable - food?

A

Grow food in back gardens

Use any waste for compost

74
Q

How does east village manage recycling of waste?

A
  • Space is provided both indoors and outdoors to sore water and recycling and to encourage composting of organic waste
  • By 2020*, home recycling and composting should be 60%
75
Q

Why does Bristol need a Sustainable urban transport strategy?

A
  • Reliance on cars is leading to congested roads, poor air quality and ill health as well as makes street more unfriendly to propel
76
Q

how have high tech industries developed in Bristol? what factors attract high tech businesses to Bristol?

A
  • theres a growing number of people employed by the high tech companies, and the factors are:
  • close links between the city council and Uni
  • an educated and skilled workforce
  • a government grant of £100 million to become a super-connected city with broadband download speeds of at least 80Mbmps
77
Q

what is being done to by Bristol to improve the environment?

A
  • establish an air quality management plan to monitor air pollution
  • reduce water pollution by improved monitoring and maintenance
  • increase the use of brownfield sites for new businesses and housing
78
Q

what is urban greening like in Bristol?

A
  • more than a third of Bristol is open space and over 90% of people live within 350m of parkland
  • some of their green initiatives include:
    1. 27% of the city to be part of a wildlife network
    2. 30% of the city to be covered with trees
79
Q

what is the Bristol and bath green belt?

A

it was set up to prevent urbans sprawl on the rural-urban fringe and the merging of the cities of bath and Bristol
- only 5% of the green belt is controlled around Bristol is controlled by the city authorities

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