Changing Economic World - 2 Flashcards
What and Where is South Cambridgeshire?
- its an area of population growth
- its mostly a rural area surrounding the city of Cambridge, with a population of 150,000 that’s increasing due to migration into the area
what are the social effects of South Cambridgeshire?
- 80% car ownership is leading to increased traffic on narrow country roads
- modern developments on the edges of villages can lead to a breakdown in community spirit
- young people cannot afford the high cost of houses and move away
what are the economic effects of a growing population on South Cambridgeshire?
- lack of affordable housing
- increasing number of migrants can put pressure on services and increase overall costs
- reduction in agricultural employment as farmers sell their land for developments, although this may increase jobs in construction
what and where is The Outer Hebrides?
- its an area of population decline
- has a population of 24,700 with most living on the island of Lewis, one of the chain of 65 islands
- been an overall decline of more than 50% since 1901, mainly due to outward migration
what are the social impacts of the Outer Hebrides?
- number of school children is expected to fall which could result in more school closures
- younger people are moving away, there will be fewer people of working age
- an ageing population, with fewer younger people to support them may lead to care issues
what are the economic impacts of a declining population?
- the main farming economy is breeding sheep on small farms called crofts
- the development of fish farming has been limited due to concerns about the environment
- between 2007& 2014, there was a 27% increase in visitors to the islands
What is transport?
The movement of goods, people and services.
- improvements in transport have enabled the UKs economy to grow and develop
What are the road improvements in the UK?
In 2014, the government announced a £15 billion ‘road investment strategy’ which aims to increase the capacity and improve road conditions, and will create jobs and boost economies
1 - 100 new road schemes by 2020
2 - 1300 new lane miles added to motorways to tackle congestion
3 - extra lanes added onto main motorways making ‘smart motorways’ whilst improving links to Birmingham, London and the north
What are the railway improvements in the UK?
Government is keen to develop the UKs railways to ease congestion and stimulate economic growth by:
1 - electrification of the Trans Pennine Express Railway between Manchester and york, by 2020, reducing journey times by upto 15mins
2 - A £15 billion plan for a new high speed rail line (HS2) will connect London with Birmingham and then to Sheffield, Leeds and Manchester
- many people are against it as the route passes through stretches of countryside and near homes
What ate UK ports like?
- uk ports industry is the largest in Europe, some parts specialise in handling containers whilst others service ferries and cruises
- about 32 million passengers travel through ports a.y, they employ 120,000 people
- the uks leading port in terms of tonnage was Grimsby, the largest ports are often run by private companies which have invested heavily in the port infrastructure eg Bristol invested £195 million for bulk handling and storage facilities
What are airports like in the UK?
- aiports provide thousands of jobs and boost economic growth, as they create vital global links
- the aviation sector accounts for 3.6% of the UKs GDP and employs over 300,000 people.
- more than 750,000 international flights depart from the UK annually
- over 420,000 domestic flights provide 35 million seats annually to passengers
what is Heathrow Airport like?
- heathrow is the largest UK airport and one of the world’s major hub airports, handling over 70 million passengers a year.
- in 2016, the government announced its intention to construct a third runway at Heathrow, its predicted to have more jobs available and make more money.
- people nearby are concerned about noise from planes, so the government report recommends financial support for soundproofing homes and schools and ban on night time flights.
what is the north and south divide?
- it refers to the real or imagined cultural and economic difference between:
- the south of England (the south east, greater London, the south west and parts of eastern England)
- the north of England (Yorkshire, the humber, the north east and north west)
- in general, the south enjoys higher standards of living, longer life expectancy and higher incomes, also has higher house prices and more congestion.
why is there a north-south divide in the UK?
- during the industrial revolution the UKs was centered on the coalfields in wales, N.E, and Scotland. heavy industries & engineering thrived in cities eg Manchester and Glasgow generating wealth and prosperity
- since the 1970s, many industries have declined and unemployment increased
- London and S.E developed rapidly due to a growing service sector. London is a major global financial centre and has grown faster than the rest of the UK.
how can regional strategies address this issue?
- many attempts have been made to address the problems caused by the de-industrialisation in the north.
- financial supports from the government and the EU has helped new businesses and improvements in infrastructure
- in 2015, the government launched a new strategy for a ‘northern powerhouse’ to help balance the wealth and influence of London. involves, developing cities eg Liverpool and Manchester
