Changing Economic World - 2 Flashcards
What and Where is South Cambridgeshire?
- its an area of population growth
- its mostly a rural area surrounding the city of Cambridge, with a population of 150,000 that’s increasing due to migration into the area
what are the social effects of South Cambridgeshire?
- 80% car ownership is leading to increased traffic on narrow country roads
- modern developments on the edges of villages can lead to a breakdown in community spirit
- young people cannot afford the high cost of houses and move away
what are the economic effects of a growing population on South Cambridgeshire?
- lack of affordable housing
- increasing number of migrants can put pressure on services and increase overall costs
- reduction in agricultural employment as farmers sell their land for developments, although this may increase jobs in construction
what and where is The Outer Hebrides?
- its an area of population decline
- has a population of 24,700 with most living on the island of Lewis, one of the chain of 65 islands
- been an overall decline of more than 50% since 1901, mainly due to outward migration
what are the social impacts of the Outer Hebrides?
- number of school children is expected to fall which could result in more school closures
- younger people are moving away, there will be fewer people of working age
- an ageing population, with fewer younger people to support them may lead to care issues
what are the economic impacts of a declining population?
- the main farming economy is breeding sheep on small farms called crofts
- the development of fish farming has been limited due to concerns about the environment
- between 2007& 2014, there was a 27% increase in visitors to the islands
What is transport?
The movement of goods, people and services.
- improvements in transport have enabled the UKs economy to grow and develop
What are the road improvements in the UK?
In 2014, the government announced a £15 billion ‘road investment strategy’ which aims to increase the capacity and improve road conditions, and will create jobs and boost economies
1 - 100 new road schemes by 2020
2 - 1300 new lane miles added to motorways to tackle congestion
3 - extra lanes added onto main motorways making ‘smart motorways’ whilst improving links to Birmingham, London and the north
What are the railway improvements in the UK?
Government is keen to develop the UKs railways to ease congestion and stimulate economic growth by:
1 - electrification of the Trans Pennine Express Railway between Manchester and york, by 2020, reducing journey times by upto 15mins
2 - A £15 billion plan for a new high speed rail line (HS2) will connect London with Birmingham and then to Sheffield, Leeds and Manchester
- many people are against it as the route passes through stretches of countryside and near homes
What ate UK ports like?
- uk ports industry is the largest in Europe, some parts specialise in handling containers whilst others service ferries and cruises
- about 32 million passengers travel through ports a.y, they employ 120,000 people
- the uks leading port in terms of tonnage was Grimsby, the largest ports are often run by private companies which have invested heavily in the port infrastructure eg Bristol invested £195 million for bulk handling and storage facilities
What are airports like in the UK?
- aiports provide thousands of jobs and boost economic growth, as they create vital global links
- the aviation sector accounts for 3.6% of the UKs GDP and employs over 300,000 people.
- more than 750,000 international flights depart from the UK annually
- over 420,000 domestic flights provide 35 million seats annually to passengers
what is Heathrow Airport like?
- heathrow is the largest UK airport and one of the world’s major hub airports, handling over 70 million passengers a year.
- in 2016, the government announced its intention to construct a third runway at Heathrow, its predicted to have more jobs available and make more money.
- people nearby are concerned about noise from planes, so the government report recommends financial support for soundproofing homes and schools and ban on night time flights.
what is the north and south divide?
- it refers to the real or imagined cultural and economic difference between:
- the south of England (the south east, greater London, the south west and parts of eastern England)
- the north of England (Yorkshire, the humber, the north east and north west)
- in general, the south enjoys higher standards of living, longer life expectancy and higher incomes, also has higher house prices and more congestion.
why is there a north-south divide in the UK?
- during the industrial revolution the UKs was centered on the coalfields in wales, N.E, and Scotland. heavy industries & engineering thrived in cities eg Manchester and Glasgow generating wealth and prosperity
- since the 1970s, many industries have declined and unemployment increased
- London and S.E developed rapidly due to a growing service sector. London is a major global financial centre and has grown faster than the rest of the UK.
how can regional strategies address this issue?
- many attempts have been made to address the problems caused by the de-industrialisation in the north.
- financial supports from the government and the EU has helped new businesses and improvements in infrastructure
- in 2015, the government launched a new strategy for a ‘northern powerhouse’ to help balance the wealth and influence of London. involves, developing cities eg Liverpool and Manchester
how has money been invested into the transport in the north-south divide?
- new Liverpool2 deep water container port
- upgrade of the M62 cross - Pennine motorway
how local enterprise partnerships address the north-south divide?
- established in 2011, LEPs are voluntary partnerships between local businesses, their aim is to identify businesses need in the local areas and encourages companies to invest which boost the economy
what is the Lancashire LEP?
its a local enterprise partnership that provides 50,000 new jobs by 2023 and will promote new businesses by:
- in 2013, a business growth hub was established to support small and medium sized businesses, that aims to set up 400 businesses and create 1100 new jobs by 2016
- a £62 million BT investment will extend superfast broadband across the 97% of the region
what are the UKs links with the wider world?
- the UK continues to have political, economic and cultural influence with organisations eg G8, NATO and the UN security Council. its also highly regarded for its fairness, tolerance, legal system and democratic principles and its rich cultural heritage
what is Trade like in the wider world of the UK?
- UK trades with countries by sea, air, road and rail
- the UKs most important trading links are with the EU, as a single market, goods can be traded between member states without tariffs.
- post-brexit, the UK is likely to develop stronger links with countries like India, China and the USA
what is culture like in the wider world of the UK?
- culture is used to describe the values and beliefs of a society of a group. its all about writing, painting or creativity in the form of fashion, architecture or music
- TV is one of the major creative industries, worth over £1.25 billion a year
- migrants to the UK have introduced their own cultural characteristics eg foods, films , fashion, music and festivals
what is transport like in the wider world of the UK?
- there’re important links between the UK and mainland Europe via the channel tunnel and sea ferries
- ferries and cruises transport people to Europe and the rest of the world from ports eg Dover
- heathrow airport is an important hub where people transfer between flights within Europe and worldwide
what are the electronic communications like in the wider world of the UK?
- UK is an important hub for the global network of submarine cables linking Europe with the USA
- submarine cables are responsible for transmitting 99.9% of all internet traffic
- internet is a vital aspect of global communications, the ‘Artic Fibre’ is due for completion in 2016, involves 15,000km of cables linking London with Tokyo
what are the UKs links with the European Union?
- in 1973, the UK became a member of the European Union, it has expanded to its current total of 28 countries
- in 2016, a UK referendum resulted in the decision to leave the EU (brexit), until the UK< officially leaves the EU in 2019 it remains part of the EU