change growth and development Flashcards
what are the components of human growth and development?
physical, cognitive, social, emotional
define physical development
growth and development of the body’s muscles, bones, energy systems, and nervous system.
define cognitive development
our ability to interpret and process information and the introduction and establishment of a person’s self-concept or self-awareness
define social development
the development of relationships with peers, friends, relatives, adults, and others in the “outside world.”
define emotional development
our ability to manage and regulate emotions such as fear, pleasure, anger, empathy
what are the types of “age”
chronological, skeletal, developmental
define chronological age
measured in years, months, and days (the standard use of the term “age)
define skeletal age
indicated by the physical maturity of the skeleton
define developmental age
includes the interaction between the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of the individual
what are the two main sequences of growth rate?
cephalocaudal sequence, proximodistal sequence
define cephalocaudal sequence
growth progresses first in the head, followed by the trunk, and then the extremities
define proximodistal sequence
body movements that originate close to the centre of the body develop earlier than those that originate farther away from the centre
what is peak height velocity
a measure of the maximum rate of growth in stature (height) that occurs during a growth spurt
when is a girl’s PHV?
girls reach their PHV of an 8 cm increase per year at around age 12
when is a boy’s PHV?
boys typically reach their PHV of a 10 cm increase per year at around age 14
