Challenges In The Human Environment - UK Economy Flashcards
How has the UK economy changed?
In the 1800, the UK worked in farming
Now, it is in the tertiary sector
Deindustrialisation
Decline of the manufacturing industry
Globalisation
Growth and spread of ideas around the world
Post-industrial economy - development of IT
Technology continues to grow at a rapid pace
Internet allows for communication across the world
Post-industrial economy - service industries and finance
Contributes to 79% of the UK economy
2 million are employed in the fiancial sectors
Post-industrial economy - research
Employs over 60,000 highly skilled workers
Contributes to £3 billion of the UK economy
Science park
A group of scientific and technical knowledge businesses
E.g. Southampton
Excellent transport links
Meeting rooms
Attractive location
Business park
An area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses
E.g. Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Close transport links to the airport
Fitness centres and green spaces
Environmental impacts of the industry
Waste products from a landfill can pollute the air, water and soil
Industrial processes can also cause air or water pollution
How can industrial development be more sustainable?
Technology can be used to reduce harmful emissions coming from power stations (carbon capture)
Desulphurisation can remove harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide from power chimney stations
Heavy fines can be imposed when an industrial pollution incident occurs (links to rules and regulations)
Quarrying in the UK
It can destroy natural habitats, pollute nearby water sources, and scars the landscape
Torr Quarry - Somerset
Over 100 people employed
Contributes to £15 million of the local economy each year
The quarry is used to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
The landscape is made to blend in
Monitoring of noise, vibration, airborne emissions
How is the rural landscape in the UK changing?
South Cambridgeshire is experiencing rapid population growth, whereas in Outer Hebrides is facing a decline in population
South Cambridgeshire (population growth)
National insurance numbers increased by 25%
The population of 65 and over has increased; by 2031 it will be 29% of the total population
Population estimated to be 182,000 by 2031
The Outer Hebrides (population decline)
Younger people have moved away in search of better-paying jobs
The number of school children is expected to fall over the next few years
Transport improvements in the UK - road
400 new road lanes
South-West Superhighway cost £2 billion; the length of the tunnel is 3km, creates jobs and reduces traffic
Transport improvements in the UK - rail
HS2 cost £50 million however, it caused noise pollution, and homes were destroyed
London’s Crossrail is a new railway that links Reading and Heathrow; it improves journey times, easing congestion, however would cost £14.8 billion
Transport improvements in the UK - ports
Liverpool 2 is a new container terminal -
Cost £300 million, creates thousands of jobs, boost econony in the north
Transport improvements in the UK - airports
Heathrow expansion - a new runway
Cost £18.6 billion, creates more jobs and supports local businesses
The North-South Divide
Cultural differences between the North and South of England
Why is there a divide?
There is a divide due to deindustrialisation in the North in the 1800’s and other countries now providing those goods
Financial support and foreign investment
The financial support comes from the government and the EU
It helps the cities in the North (Livingston in Edinburgh)
The ‘Northern Powerhouse’
Helps to balance the wealth and influence of London
It will achieve this through tourism and developing the economy
Transport improvements
HS2
Upgrade the M62
Liverpool2
Mersey Gateway
Enterprise zones
24 zones created since 2011
Aim - encourage new businesses and new jobs
How does the government support businesses in these zones?
Provision of superfast broadband
Machinery
Simple planning regulations for businesses
Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs)
Established in 2011
LEPs are voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses
39 LEP’s in the UK
Aim - encourage businesses to invest
Lancashire LEPs
They need LEPs as there are job losses
LEPs would create 50,000 jobs
£20 million on transport
£60 million BT investment
Trade
The movement of goods and services across the world
Transport
London Heathrow (busiest airport in the world)
Electronic communication
A multi-billion dollar network of submarine high power cables
Commonwealth
Consists of 54 countries, rich and poor
