Challenges In The Human Environment - UK Economy

Question 1

How has the UK economy changed?

Answer 1

In the 1800, the UK worked in farming

Now, it is the tertiary sector

Question 2

Deindustrialisation

Answer 2

Decline of the manufacturing industry

Question 3

Globalisation

Answer 3

Growth and spread of ideas around the world

Question 4

Post-industrial economy - development of IT

Answer 4

Computers allow for large amounts of data to be stored

Internet allows for communication

Question 5

Post-industrial economy - service industries and finance

Answer 5

Contributes to 79% of the UK economy

Involves banking and insurance

Question 6

Post-industrial economy - research

Answer 6

Employs over 60,000 highly skilled workers contributes to £3 billion of the UK economy

Question 7

Science park

Answer 7

A group of scientific and technical knowledge businesses

E.g. Southampton

Excellent transport links
Meeting rooms, coffee shops
Attractive location

Question 8

Business park

Answer 8

An area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses

E.g. Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne

Close transport links to the airport
Fitness centres and green spaces

Question 9

Environmental impacts of the industry

Answer 9

Manufacturing plants can look dull and uninteresting

Industrial processes can cause air or water pollution

Question 10

How can industrial development be more sustainable?

Answer 10

Technology can be used to reduce harmful emissions coming from power stations (carbon capture)

Desulphurisation can remove harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide from power chimney stations

Heavy fines are imposed when an industrial pollution incident occurs (links to rules and regulations)

Question 11

Quarrying in the UK

Answer 11

It can destroy natural habitats, pollute nearby water courses, and scar the landscape

Question 12

Torr Quarry - Somerset

Answer 12

Over 100 people employed

Contributes to £15 million of the local economy each year

The quarry is used to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply

The landscape is made to blend in

Monitoring of noise, vibration, airborne emissions

Question 13

How is the rural landscape in the UK changing?

Answer 13

South Cambridgeshire is experiencing rapid population growth due to migration from Eastern Europe

Question 14

South Cambridgeshire (population growth)

Answer 14

National insurance numbers increased by 25%

The population of 65 and over has increased; by 2031 it will be 29% of the total population

Population estimated to be 182,000 by 2031

Question 15

The Outer Hebrides (population decline)

Answer 15

Younger people have moved away in search of better-paying jobs

The number of school children is expected to fall over the next few years

Question 16

Transport improvements in the UK - road

Answer 16

400 new road lanes

South-West Superhighway cost £2 billion; the length of the tunnel is 3km, creates jobs and reduces traffic

Question 17

Transport improvements in the UK - rail

Answer 17

Electrification of trains -

Midland mainline between London and Sheffield

HS2 cost £50 million however, it caused noise pollution, and homes were destroyed

Question 18

Transport improvements in the UK - ports

Answer 18

Liverpool 2 is a new container terminal -

Cost £300 million, creates thousands of jobs

Question 19

Transport improvements in the UK - airports

Answer 19

Heathrow expansion - a new runway

Cost £18.6 billion, creates more jobs and supports local businesses

Question 20

The North-South Divide

Answer 20

Refers to the real or imagined cultural differences between the North and South of England

Question 21

Why is there a divide?

Answer 21

There is a divide due to deindustrialisation in the North in the 1800’s and other countries now providing those goods

Question 22

Financial support and foreign investment

Answer 22

The financial support comes from the government and the EU

It helps the cities in the North (Livingston in Edinburgh)

Question 23

The ‘Northern Powerhouse’

Answer 23

Helps to balance the wealth and influence of London

It will achieve this through tourism and developing the economy

Question 24

Transport improvements

Answer 24

HS2
Upgrade the M62
Liverpool2
Mersey Gateway

Question 25

Enterprise zones

Answer 25

Number of zones created since 2011 - 24

Aim - encourage new businesses and new jobs

How does the government support businesses in these zones?

Provision of superfast broadband
Machinery
Simple planning regulations for businesses

Question 26

Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs)

Answer 26

Established in 2011

LEPs are voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses

Number of LEPs in the UK - 39

Aim - encourage businesses to invest

Question 27

Lancashire LEPs

Answer 27

They need LEPs as there are job losses

LEPs would create 50,000 jobs

£20 million on transport

£62 million BT investment

Question 28

Trade

Answer 28

The movement of goods and services across the world

Question 29

Culture

Answer 29

The values and beliefs of society

Question 30

Transport

Answer 30

London Heathrow (busiest airport in the world)

Question 31

Electronic communication

Answer 31

A multi-billion dollar network of submarine high power cables

Question 32

EU

Answer 32

The European Union has left the UK

Question 33

Commonwealth

Answer 33

Consists of 54 countries, rich and poor