Challenges In The Human Environment - The Changing Economic World - Nigeria Flashcards
Location of Nigeria
West Africa
Bordering Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Benin
Global importance of Nigeria
21st largest economy (2014)
Supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping mission
Nigeria importance in Africa
Largest GDP in 2014
Largest population
Highest farming output
Political context
Since 1999, Nigeria has stable governments with free and fair elections
Oil now makes up 98% of Nigeria’s export by value
Social context
Christianity, Islam and traditional African religions are practiced
Cultural context
Nigeria is well known for it’s music, cinema, football and writers
Environmental context
Nigeria’s natural environments form landscapes across the
bands of the country
Africa Union
Economic planning and peacekeeping group
ECOWAS
Trading groups made by West African countries
CEN-SAD
Seeks to develop sporting links
OPEC
Stabilises price of oil
UN
Contributes troops to the UN peacekeeping groups
Nigeria’s main exports
EU, USA, India
Nigeria’s main imports
Brazil, USA, EU
Nigeria’s sweet oil
42% less sulphur
Higher quality than the Middle East
Nigeria’s agriculture
40% are employed in this sector
The biggest customers for cotton are Australia and Indonesia
Why is Nigeria developing?
Advanced technology
Telecommunications
Concern for the environment
How does manufacturing help Nigeria?
Regular paid work = secure income
Number of TNC’s in Nigeria
40 - e.g. (KFC, Unilever, Shell)
Why do TNCs go to Nigeria?
Tax incentives
Cheap labour (minimum wage)
Access to wider market
Unilever
Headquarters - London
Year opened - 1923
Products made - foods, soaps, detergents, personal care items
Number of people employed - 1500
Positives for Nigeria - sustainable resources used, improve QOL, works with local cultures, promotes healthcare and education
Negatives for Nigeria - none
Shell
Headquarters - Netherlands
Year opened - 1958
Products made - oil (pumped in the Niger Delta)
Number of people employed - 325000 (direct + indirect jobs)
Positives for Nigeria - supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector
Negatives for Nigeria - oil theft and sabotage, water pollution, reducing fishing yields, oil spills (Bodo 2008/2009)
Short term aid
Emergency aid after war or conflict
Long term aid
Development aid given by charities and government
Why does Nigeria need aid?
NGO (nets for life) provides education on malaria prevention
The USA sends aid to protect people from HIV/AIDS
World Bank approved $500 million to fund development projects and provide long term loans
Positive impacts of aid
Small charities and NGOs deliver directly to where the help is needed
No money is wasted and all aid is used
Negative impacts of aid
Corruption by individuals and governments
Donors decide what happens with the money
Money may be used for other purposes
Environmental issues - Air pollution
70 - 80% of Nigeria’s forests have been destroyed
Industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases that cause respiratory and heart problems
Environmental issues - Water pollution
Water pollution is caused by chemical soil erosion
In Kano, Lagos, and Kodana harmful pollutants go in drains
Environmental issues - Land issues
Oil spills (Bodo 2008/2009) have led to damaged ecosystems and soil erosion
Oil spills cause acid rain
Quality of life in Africa - Positives
Better access to safe drinking water
Improvements in infrastructure
Better healthcare (more doctors and hospitals)
Reliable electricity
Quality of life in Africa - Negatives
The gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow
Oil has not been used efficiently
60% of Nigerians are still poor
What does Nigeria still need?
Less corruption
Less reliability on oil
Pollution of Niger Delta needs to be resolved
