Paper 2: Nigeria

Question 1

Location of Nigeria

Answer 1

West Africa
Bordering Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Benin

Question 2

Global importance of Nigeria

Answer 2

21st largest economy (2014)
Supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil
5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping mission

Question 3

Nigeria importance in Africa

Answer 3

Largest GDP in 2014
Largest population
Highest farming output

Question 4

Political context

Answer 4

Since 1999, Nigeria has stable governments with free and fair elections

Oil now makes up 98% of Nigeria’s export by value

Question 5

Social context

Answer 5

Christianity, Islam and traditional African religions are practiced

Question 6

Cultural context

Answer 6

Nigeria is well known for it’s music, cinema, football and writers

Question 7

Environmental context

Answer 7

Nigeria’s natural environments form landscapes across the
bands of the country

Question 8

Africa Union

Answer 8

Economic planning and peacekeeping group

Question 9

ECOWAS

Answer 9

Trading groups made by West African countries

Question 10

CEN-SAD

Answer 10

Seeks to develop sporting links

Question 11

OPEC

Answer 11

Stabilises price of oil

Question 12

UN

Answer 12

Contributes troops to the UN peacekeeping groups

Question 13

Nigeria’s main exports

Answer 13

EU, USA, India

Question 14

Nigeria’s main imports

Answer 14

Brazil, USA, EU

Question 15

Nigeria’s sweet oil

Answer 15

42% less sulphur
Higher quality than the Middle East

Question 16

Nigeria’s agriculture

Answer 16

40% are employed in this sector
The biggest customers for cotton are Australia and Indonesia

Question 17

Why is Nigeria developing?

Answer 17

Advanced technology
Telecommunications
Concern for the environment

Question 18

How does manufacturing help Nigeria?

Answer 18

Regular paid work = secure income

Question 19

Number of TNC’s in Nigeria

Answer 19

40 - e.g. (KFC, Unilever, Shell)

Question 20

Why do TNCs go to Nigeria?

Answer 20

Tax incentives
Cheap labour (minimum wage)
Access to wider market

Question 21

Unilever

Answer 21

Headquarters - London

Year opened - 1923

Products made - foods, soaps, detergents, personal care items

Number of people employed - 1500

Positives for Nigeria - sustainable resources used, improve QOL, works with local cultures, promotes healthcare and education

Negatives for Nigeria - none

Question 22

Shell

Answer 22

Headquarters - Netherlands

Year opened - 1958

Products made - oil (pumped in the Niger Delta)

Number of people employed - 325000 (direct + indirect jobs)

Positives for Nigeria - supporting the growth of Nigeria’s energy sector

Negatives for Nigeria - oil theft and sabotage, water pollution, reducing fishing yields, oil spills (Bodo 2008/2009)

Question 23

Short term aid

Answer 23

Emergency aid after war or conflict

Question 24

Long term aid

Answer 24

Development aid given by charities and government

Question 25

Why does Nigeria need aid?

Answer 25

NGO (nets for life) provides education on malaria prevention The USA sends aid to protect people from HIV/AIDS World Bank approved $500 million to fund development projects and provide long term loans

Question 26

Positive impacts of aid

Answer 26

Small charities and NGOs deliver directly to where the help is needed No money is wasted and all aid is used

Question 27

Negative impacts of aid

Answer 27

Corruption by individuals and governments Donors decide what happens with the money Money may be used for other purposes

Question 28

Environmental issues - Air pollution

Answer 28

70 - 80% of Nigeria's forests have been destroyed Industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases that cause respiratory and heart problems

Question 29

Environmental issues - Water pollution

Answer 29

Water pollution is caused by chemical soil erosion In Kano, Lagos, and Kodana harmful pollutants go in drains

Question 30

Environmental issues - Land issues

Answer 30

Oil spills (Bodo 2008/2009) have led to damaged ecosystems and soil erosion Oil spills cause acid rain

Question 31

Quality of life in Africa - Positives

Answer 31

Better access to safe drinking water Improvements in infrastructure Better healthcare (more doctors and hospitals) Reliable electricity

Question 32

Quality of life in Africa - Negatives

Answer 32

The gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow Oil has not been used efficiently 60% of Nigerians are still poor

Question 33

What does Nigeria still need?

Answer 33

Less corruption Less reliability on oil Pollution of Niger Delta needs to be resolved