Paper 1: Weather Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Tropical storm

A

An area of low pressure with high winds moving in a spiral around the eye

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1
Q

Hadley cell

A

Found in the middle of the earth (equator)

Warm air

Moves anti-clockwise

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1
Q

Polar cell

A

Located near the North Pole

Cold air

Moves anti-clockwise

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1
Q

Ferrel cell

A

Mild air

Moves clockwise

Some air escapes into Polar / Hadley

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1
Q

Conditions needed for tropical storms to form

A

Sea surface temperature of 27°C and above

5° to 15° north or south of the equator

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1
Q

Distribution of tropical storms

A

In the future tropical storms may affect other areas

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2
Q

Frequency of tropical storms

A

The amount of storms may decrease but the intensity of them will increase

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3
Q

Intensity of tropical storms

A

The increase in sea surface temperatures have increased intensity

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4
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - key facts

A

Date - November 2013

Category - 5

Wind speeds - 170mph

Worst affected city - Tacloban

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5
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - primary effects

A

Social - 6,300 people killed, 600,000 people displaced

Economic - Tacloban Airport damaged, 40,000 homes destroyed

Environmental - 400mm of rain caused flooding

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6
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - secondary effects

A

Social - 14 million people affected, many jobs were lost

Economic - 6 million lost their source of income

Environmental - flooding caused landslides = blocked roads

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7
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - immediate responses

A

Social - 1,200 evacuation centers for the homeless

US aircraft assisted with search and rescue

French, Israel, and Belgian set up field hospitals

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8
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - long term responses

A

Social - Cyclone shelters were built to accommodate people

Economic - ‘Cash for walk’ where the government paid people to clear roads of debris

Rice farming and fishing were quickly re-established

Oxfam supported fisherman

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9
Q

Reducing the impacts of tropical storms - monitoring and prediction

A

Developments in technology have made it possible to track tropical storms effectively

Hurricane Watch advise the severity of conditions and whether people should evacuate

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10
Q

Reducing the impacts of tropical storms - protection

A

Shutters over windows

Build on raised grounds

Storm drains that take excessive amounts of rainfall away

Sea walls protect buildings from storm surges

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11
Q

Reducing the impacts of tropical storms - planning

A

Raise individual and community awareness

Educate people on potential dangers

12
Q

Thunderstorms

A

Torrential rainfall associated with flooding

Can cause ‘flash’ floods

13
Q

Prolonged rainfall

A

This can lead to flooding

Common in late winter and early spring, snowmelt makes the problem worse

14
Q

Drought and extreme weather

A

Rivers can dry up and reservoirs become dangerously low, affecting water supplies and wildlife

It can also cause death to the frail, elderly, and the youth

15
Q

Heavy snow and extreme cold

A

Cause great hardships, especially in the north

Can disrupt daily life, e.g. going to work or school

16
Q

Strong winds

A

Disruption to power supplies and damage from fallen trees

17
Q

Why does extreme weather occur in the UK?

A

Meeting point of several different types of weather from different directions

18
Q

Somerset Levels - facts

A

Location -

South East of England, bordered by Bristol Channel

Area drained by Tore River and Parrett River

19
Q

Somerset Levels - causes

A

Was the wettest January since records began in 1910

Several depressions brought 350mm of torrential rainfall

20
Somerset Levels - impacts
Social - 600 houses flooded 16 farms evacuated Many didn't have power Residents evacuated Economic - Over 1000 livestock evacuated Damage cost £10 million to repair Local road cut off by flood Environmental - Stagnant water had to be re-oxygenated Flood water was contaminated
21
Somerset Levels - immediate responses
Boats were used to travel to school or shopping Volunteers gave support
22
Somerset Levels - long term responses
£20 million scheme to reduce risk River banks have been raised Pumping stations were built Road levels were raised
23
Evidence of extreme weather in the UK
2003 heatwave - The UK recorded its highest ever temperature of 38.5°C in Kent 2007 floods - Several people died and were homeless in Gloucestershire, Hull and Sheffield 2008 floods - Severe flooding in Somerset, Worcestershire and Northumberland 2009 heavy snow - Parts of south-west and south-east England were affected by 20cm of snow