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CPH lecture > Chain of Infection [Batch 2027] > Flashcards

Chain of Infection [Batch 2027] Flashcards

1
Q

● First link in the chain of transmission

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT

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2
Q

Infectious microorganism or pathogen

A

○ Bacteria
○ Fungi
○ Virus
○ Parasite

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3
Q

● Habitat in which a pathogen lives, flourishes and mutiplies

A

Resorvoir

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4
Q

● The reservoir may or may not be the source from which an agent is transferred to a host

A

Resorvoir

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5
Q

○_________ and _____-reservoirs can and cannot manifest symptoms but either way, will still be capable of transmitting pathogens

A

Human
Animal

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6
Q

● The pathogen leaves its host

A

PORTAL OF EXIT

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7
Q

PORTAL OF EXIT
● It can be through:

A

○ Coughing
○ Sneezing
○ Crossing the placenta
○ Through wounds
○ Blood sucking arthropods (malaria)

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8
Q

● The agent may be transmitted from it’s reservoir to a susceptible host

A

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

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9
Q

● Occurs when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person

A

DIRECT TRANSMISSION

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10
Q

○ Skin-to-skin contact
○ Kissing
○ Sexual Intercourse
○ Contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms

A

● Direct contact

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11
Q

○ Relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or talking
○ Can spread up to 2 meters

A

Droplet Spread

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12
Q

● Occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact

A

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

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13
Q

○ Carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in the air
○ Less than 5 microns in size

A

● Airborne

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14
Q

○ Passively carrying a pathogen
■ Provide an environment in which the agent can grow

A

Vehicles

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15
Q

■ Blood meal

A

○ Biological vectors

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16
Q

■ Flies can pick up infectious agents on the outside of their bodies and transmit them through physical contact

A

○ Mechanical vectors

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17
Q

● Manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host

A

PORTAL OF ENTRY

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18
Q

● Final link in the chain of infection
● Susceptibility of an individual depends on their body’s ability to resist the infection or limit pathogenicity

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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19
Q

● Characteristics that may increase the risk of human disease

A

○ Age
○ Sex
○ Occupation
○ Genetics
○ Immune status
○ Race
○ Religion

20
Q

● A person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent without discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection

A

CARRIER

21
Q

● Healthy carrier
● Do not manifest the apparent signs or symptoms that indicate that one is infected

A

ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIER

22
Q

● Incubatory carrier
● With clinically recognizable disease

A

CONVALESCENT CARRIER

23
Q

○ Food safety
○ Environmental cleaning and disinfection
○ Respiratory etiquette

A

● Controlling or eliminating agent at source of transmission

24
Q

○ Performing hand hygiene
○ Wearing complete PPE when necessary
○ Handle needles and other sharps objets safely
○ Avoid sharing of items

A

● Protecting portals of entry

25
Q

○ Immunization
○ Adequate asleep and nutrition

A

● Increasing hots’s defenses

26
Q

○ Infectious pathogen

A

● Agent

27
Q

○ Where the agent lives and multiplies

A

● Host

28
Q

○ External factors that influence the progress of the disease

A

● Environment

29
Q

○ Disease caused by the direct effect of a pathogen

A

● Infectious disease

30
Q

○ Also known as zoonosis
○ Transmitted from animals to humans

A

● Zoonotic disease

31
Q

○ Resulted by a medical procedure

A

● Iatrogenic disease

32
Q

○ Acquired in hospital settings

A

● Nosocomial diseases

33
Q

○ Does not spread from person to person

A

● Non-communicable infectious disease

34
Q

■ Genetics
■ Environment
■ Immune system dysfunction

A

● Non-communicable infectious disease
○ Caused by factors such as

35
Q

○ Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that area

A

● Epidemic

36
Q

○ Disease constantly present among a population

A

● Endemic

37
Q

○ An epidemic that has spread worldwide, over countries, and across continents

A

● Pandemic

38
Q

○ Organs, tissues, and cells of the immune system that you are born with

A

immunity

39
Q

○ Immunity that develops during one’s lifetime

A

● Innate immunity

40
Q

○ Immunity that develops during one’s lifetime

A

● Acquired immunity

41
Q

develops in response to an infection or vaccination

A

○ Active

42
Q

developed in response to an infection

A

■ Natural

43
Q
  • developed in response to a vaccination
A

■ Artificial

44
Q

develops after you receive antibodies from someone or somewhere else

A

○ Passive

45
Q

received from mother

A

■ Natural

46
Q

received from medicine

A

■ Artificial

CPH lecture (7 decks)

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