Ch.9: STRESS

Question 1

the body’s nonspecific response to a demand place on it. THREE COMPONENTS include homeostasis, stress response, and adaptation

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

an event or environmental agent responsible for initiating the stress response

Answer 2

stressor

Question 3

Exogenous stressors include

Answer 3

Health
Money
Debt
Relationship
job
school

Question 4

Physiological stressors include:

Answer 4

trauma, surgery, temp extremes, pain, severe hemorrhage

Question 5

Endogenous stressors include:

Answer 5

infections, illnesses, inflammation, dehydration ( inside the body )

Question 6

A State of constancy. It is the ability of a system to remain stable by regulating variables that can affect the system.

Answer 6

Homeostasis

Question 7

Homeostasis is a dynamic balance between what two autonomic branches?

Answer 7

parasympathetic (rest & digest)

sympathetic (fight or flight)

Question 8

Act in many ways to maintain homeostasis. They regulate functions of the cells, integrate the functions of different organ systems, and control life processes.

Answer 8

Control systems

Most control systems are negative feedbacks (temp, glucose level)

Question 9

External stressors are

Answer 9

adverse PHYSICAL CONDITIONS(pain, temperature)

stressful psychological environments (abuse/poor)

Question 10

Internal stressors are

Answer 10

PHYSICAL (infections/inflammation/illness)

Psychological (intense worrying)

Question 11

General Adaptation Syndrome: 3 stages include

Answer 11

alarm stage(immediate response)
resistance stage (coping)
exhaustion stage ( depletion)

Question 12

all the manifestations of stress are influenced by?

Answer 12

the nervous/endocrine system

release of hormone that results to stress to gain ENERGY

Question 13

Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine

Answer 13

origin: locus cerulean & adrenal medulla
function: decrease insulin- increase glucagon-increase heart rate- relaxes the bronchial smooth muscles (airflow)

Question 14

Corticon- Releasing Factor- CRF

Answer 14

origin- hypothalamus

function- stimulates the ACTH, inhibit reproductive organs (menstrual, testo decrease= sex life decrease)

Question 15

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone- ACTH

Answer 15

origin: anterior pituary

function- stimulates the synthesis and release of CORTISOL

Question 16

CORTISOL “ stress hormone”

Answer 16

origin: adrenal cortex
function- potentates the action of epinephrine and glucagon, inhibits the release of reproductive hormones, thyroid stimulating hormones, and DECREASE IMMUNITY

Question 17

Aldosterone:

Answer 17

origin- adrenal cortex

function- increases sodium absorption by the kidney

Question 18

Antidiuretic Hormone- ADH (vasopressin)

Answer 18

origin: hypothalamus/posterior pituitary

function- increases water absorption by the kidney, vasoconstriction, stimulates the release of ACTH

Question 19

Major physiological response to stress are

Answer 19

increase heart rate/bp
increase glucose
decrease immune system
increase oxygen intake
pupil dilation
decrease gastric activity
increased alertness

Question 20

Major psychological response to stress

Answer 20

rage, anger, anxiety, and fear

Somatic symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomitting, cramps, diarrhea, paleness, sweating

Question 21

Sympathetic Nervous system:

Answer 21

dilation of pupils
vasoconstriction
increased heart rate
decrease salvation/ digestion
bladder relaxation
bronchodilator (airflow)

Question 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System:

Answer 22

pupillary constriction
vasodilation
increase salivation/digestion
decrease heart rate
bladder constriction

Question 23

Factors affecting adaptation:

Answer 23

Physiologic and Anatomical Reserve
Time
Genetic Endowment (gene-alcoholism)
Age
Gender
Health Status 
Nutrition
Sleep/Wake Cycles
Hardiness (personality)
Psychosocial Factors (social support)

Question 24

treatment of stress disorders:

Answer 24

Relaxation Techniques
Guided Imagery
Music Therapy
Massage Therapy
Biofeedback

Question 25

chronic activation of the stress response, as a result of experiencing a significant traumatic event.
Sense of intrusion, or hyper arousal

Answer 25

PTSD