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PATHOPHYSIOLLOGY > Ch.14: INFECTION > Flashcards

Ch.14: INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

the presence, multiplication and subsequent injury within a host by another living organism

A

infection

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2
Q

the act of establishing a presence

A

colonization

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3
Q

the presence of sustaining injury or pathologic damage in response to an infection. Severity can range from mild to life threatening depending on variables

A

infectious disease

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4
Q

small, modified infectious host proteins, cause normal proteins to change shape and make new prions, clump together, cause degenerate of the nervous systems. no hereditary (mad-cow)

A

prions

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5
Q

smallest of the pathogen, they have no organized cellular structure, do have proteins coat (nucleic acid), no metabolic enzyme, insert their genome into a host cell’s DNA. rely on host cell

A

viruses

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6
Q

have no membrane bound organelles. live independently, use host for food/home. produce toxins and exotoxin

A

bacteria

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7
Q

have no cell wall can cause pneumonia

A

mycoplasma

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8
Q

must live inside a cell to metabolize, rocky mounted spike fever

A

rikettsia

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9
Q

use live inside a cell to meatabolize (sexually transmitted)

A

chlamydia

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10
Q

most require a decrease human body temperature/body surface (ringworm)

A

fungi

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11
Q

parasite- west nile virus/malaria

A

protozoa

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12
Q

roundworm/tapeworm

A

helminths

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13
Q

Infection risk, influencing factors include:

A

type of pathogen (who what what when )

Portal of Entry: (Transmission in direct proportion to pathogen quantity
Penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation)

Immune competence

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14
Q

Bacterial Growth:

A 
humidify
biofilm
oxygenation
adaptability
growth parameters (environment)
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15
Q

LPS-dependent: in low levels beneficial (T- lymph activate), in high levels harmful (septic shock, DIC, ARDS)
Gram-negative bacteria

A

endotoxins

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16
Q

Inactivate or modify vital cell elements, cause cell death or dysfunction (diphtheria, botulism tetanus, cholera)

A

exotoxins

17
Q

Chain of infection:

A 
reservoir
portal of entry
portal of exit
means of transmission
susceptible host
18
Q

Horizontal – sexual intercourse

Vertical - congenital

A

direct transmission

19
Q

Ingestion – PO, GI

Inhalation - lungs

A

indirect transmission

20
Q

Routes of Entry & Defense Mechanisms:

Skin and Mucosa

A

provide physical & multilayer barrier

21
Q

Routes of Entry & Defense Mechanisms:

Oral cavity and GI tract

A

pH levels, and enzyme activity of gastric secretions, peristaltic action of intestines, normal bacteria flora, saliva

22
Q

Routes of Entry & Defense Mechanisms:

Respiratory tract

A

nasal hair, cilia, humidification, cough mechanism, secretions, and phagocytes

23
Q

Stages of infectious Disease

A 
incubation 
prodromal
acute
convalescent
resolution
24
Q

the phase where the pathogen begins active replication. does not produce recognize symptoms within the host, length varies

A

incubation

25
Q

initial appearance of nonspecific symptoms. fever, headache, fatigue- most contagious

A

prodromal

26
Q

the period where the host experiences the maximum effect of the infection symptoms are very pronounce and specific

A

acute

27
Q

containment of the infections, progressive elimination of the pathogen, repairing of the issue

A

convelescent

28
Q

total elimination of the infection

A

resolution

29
Q

the outward expression of the struggle between invading organisms and the retaliatory inflammatory and immune responses of the host

A

symptoms

30
Q

reflect the site of infection (diarrhea)

A

specific

31
Q

can be shared by a number of infectious disease (fever)

A

nonspecific

32
Q

very obvious (chicken- pox)

A

obvious

33
Q

discreet, need further testing (lab work)

A

covert

34
Q

Labs for suspected infection include

A

CBC: (complete blood count/ bacteria vs. virus)
Urinalysis: ( wbc, blood, bacteria/ characteristics)
Blood: (lab values, cultures)
Specimen Cultures: ( what it is)

35
Q

Concepts of antibiotic- resistant organisms include:

A

inactivation, mutation, alternate metabolism, and altered permeability

36
Q

became resistant to the antibiotic, methicillin which:
inhibits the manufacture of the bacterial cell wall
enzyme take peptides and link them together
binds to these enzymes and shut down bacterial cell wall growth- die.

A

MRSA- Methicillin resistant staphaureus

37
Q

Antibiotics targets:

A

broad- spectrum
cell wall
protein synthesis
metabolism

38
Q

Antivirals target

A

DNA- RNA

39
Q

Antifungals

A

cytoplasm

PATHOPHYSIOLLOGY (9 decks)

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