Ch.9 Review, Celluler Resporation Flashcards
What is another name for fermentation?
Anaerobic cellular respiration.
Where does fermentation take place?
In the cytosol of the cell.
When do humans use lactic acid fermentation?
During exercise.
Why is food important?
It provides us with the chemical building blocks we need to grow and reproduce.
What is the difference between a calorie and a Calorie.
A Calorie is 1000 calories.
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ➡️ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
Why do organisms have to release a little energy at a time?
If we didn’t we would burst into flames from having too much energy.
What is the net yield of glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Why do we need more steps other than glycolysis?
Because in a few seconds all of the NAD+ in a cell are filled up with electrons and glycolysis cannot continue.
What happens to the pyruvic acid after glycolysis?
If there is no oxygen fermentation occurs, if there is oxygen cellular respiration continues.
What is the difference between being anaerobic and aerobic?
Anaerobic= no oxygen Aerobic= oxygen is present
Give an overview of the Krebs cycle.
Acetyl CoA a is broken down into CO2 while energy is released.
What is chemiosmosis?
Hydrogen ions moving from high to low concentration gradients and as they move through the ATP synthase it cause it to spin in the energy to make ATP.
What are the steps of cellular respiration and where do they take place?
- Glycolysis- it takes place in the cytosol of the cell.
- The Krebs cycle – it takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
- The electron transport chain – It takes place on the criste.
Where does lactic acid go when it is done being used?
The liver
What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
- lactic acid fermentation – is used to make dairy products, is do used by your muscles during exercise to give you energy after ATP runs out
- alcoholic fermentation –some plant cells and unicellular organisms (like yeast) convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), is used to make bread and alcohol
Does fermentation make ATP/what does it do?
No, it regenerates NAD+
What is the net total of ATP produced in cellular respiration?
36 ATP
How efficient are we as humans at harnessing energy from glucose?
38% efficient
Where do electrons go after the electron transport chain?
Oxygen accepts them to form H2O.
How many ATP can be made per NADH?
3
How many ATP can be made per FADH?
2
How much heat energy does 1 gram of glucose release?
3811 calories (3.811 Calories)
Define the word calorie.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1°C.
What is another name for Calorie?
A kilocalorie
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Define glycolysis.
The process by which one molecule of glucose is broken into 2 3-carbon molecules called pruvic acid (pyruvate).
What amount of ATP/NADH is used/made in glycolysis?
- 4 ATP made
- 2 ATP used
- net yield- 2 ATP+ 2 NADH
If glycolysis isn’t very efficient why is it useful?
Even though the process doesn’t produce a lot of energy it is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP in a few milliseconds.
What are the steps in cellular respiration?
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
What does the pyruvic acid have to do before it can enter the Krebs cycle?
It has to become acetyl CoA.
Who is the Krebs cycle named after?
It is named after a British biochemist named Hans Krebs.
What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
The citric acid cycle
How many pyruvic acids is the glucose broken down into during the Krebs cycle and how many turns of the Krebs cycle does this result in?
It is broken down into two pyruvic acids and this results in two turns of the Krebs cycle.
What is the total of things produced in the Krebs cycle?
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- 4 CO2
What happens when NADH and FADH2 drop off their electrons at the electron transport chain?
The energy from the electrons being dropped off is used to bring hydrogens across the membrane.
How many electrons moving through the electron transport chain produces one ATP?
12
In the presence of oxygen how many times the amounts of ATP is produced than without oxygen?
18 times
What is the grand total of ATP produced through cellular respiration from one glucose?
38 ATP
What happens to the energy not harnessed in glucose?
It is lost as heat energy
What is another name for fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration
What carries out lactic acid fermentation?
Microorganisms
What does the liver do to the lactic acid it receives?
It converts it back into pyruvic acid.
