Ch.9 Review, Celluler Resporation

Question 0

What is another name for fermentation?

Answer 0

Anaerobic cellular respiration.

Question 1

Where does fermentation take place?

Answer 1

In the cytosol of the cell.

Question 2

When do humans use lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 2

During exercise.

Question 3

Why is food important?

Answer 3

It provides us with the chemical building blocks we need to grow and reproduce.

Question 4

What is the difference between a calorie and a Calorie.

Answer 4

A Calorie is 1000 calories.

Question 5

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 5

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ➡️ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Question 6

Why do organisms have to release a little energy at a time?

Answer 6

If we didn’t we would burst into flames from having too much energy.

Question 7

What is the net yield of glycolysis?

Answer 7

2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 8

Why do we need more steps other than glycolysis?

Answer 8

Because in a few seconds all of the NAD+ in a cell are filled up with electrons and glycolysis cannot continue.

Question 9

What happens to the pyruvic acid after glycolysis?

Answer 9

If there is no oxygen fermentation occurs, if there is oxygen cellular respiration continues.

Question 10

What is the difference between being anaerobic and aerobic?

Answer 10

Anaerobic= no oxygen
Aerobic= oxygen is present

Question 11

Give an overview of the Krebs cycle.

Answer 11

Acetyl CoA a is broken down into CO2 while energy is released.

Question 12

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 12

Hydrogen ions moving from high to low concentration gradients and as they move through the ATP synthase it cause it to spin in the energy to make ATP.

Question 13

What are the steps of cellular respiration and where do they take place?

Answer 13

• Glycolysis- it takes place in the cytosol of the cell.
• The Krebs cycle – it takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
• The electron transport chain – It takes place on the criste.

Question 14

Where does lactic acid go when it is done being used?

Answer 14

The liver

Question 15

What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 15

• lactic acid fermentation – is used to make dairy products, is do used by your muscles during exercise to give you energy after ATP runs out
• alcoholic fermentation –some plant cells and unicellular organisms (like yeast) convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), is used to make bread and alcohol

Question 16

Does fermentation make ATP/what does it do?

Answer 16

No, it regenerates NAD+

Question 17

What is the net total of ATP produced in cellular respiration?

Answer 17

36 ATP

Question 18

How efficient are we as humans at harnessing energy from glucose?

Answer 18

38% efficient

Question 19

Where do electrons go after the electron transport chain?

Answer 19

Oxygen accepts them to form H2O.

Question 20

How many ATP can be made per NADH?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

How many ATP can be made per FADH?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

How much heat energy does 1 gram of glucose release?

Answer 22

3811 calories (3.811 Calories)

Question 23

Define the word calorie.

Answer 23

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1°C.

Question 24

What is another name for Calorie?

Answer 24

A kilocalorie

Question 25

What is the definition of cellular respiration?

Answer 25

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 26

Define glycolysis.

Answer 26

The process by which one molecule of glucose is broken into 2 3-carbon molecules called pruvic acid (pyruvate).

Question 27

What amount of ATP/NADH is used/made in glycolysis?

Answer 27

• 4 ATP made
• 2 ATP used
• net yield- 2 ATP+ 2 NADH

Question 28

If glycolysis isn’t very efficient why is it useful?

Answer 28

Even though the process doesn’t produce a lot of energy it is so fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP in a few milliseconds.

Question 29

What are the steps in cellular respiration?

Answer 29

The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

Question 30

What does the pyruvic acid have to do before it can enter the Krebs cycle?

Answer 30

It has to become acetyl CoA.

Question 31

Who is the Krebs cycle named after?

Answer 31

It is named after a British biochemist named Hans Krebs.

Question 32

What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 32

The citric acid cycle

Question 33

How many pyruvic acids is the glucose broken down into during the Krebs cycle and how many turns of the Krebs cycle does this result in?

Answer 33

It is broken down into two pyruvic acids and this results in two turns of the Krebs cycle.

Question 34

What is the total of things produced in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 34

• 6 NADH
• 2 FADH2
• 2 ATP
• 4 CO2

Question 35

What happens when NADH and FADH2 drop off their electrons at the electron transport chain?

Answer 35

The energy from the electrons being dropped off is used to bring hydrogens across the membrane.

Question 36

How many electrons moving through the electron transport chain produces one ATP?

Answer 36

12

Question 37

In the presence of oxygen how many times the amounts of ATP is produced than without oxygen?

Answer 37

18 times

Question 38

What is the grand total of ATP produced through cellular respiration from one glucose?

Answer 38

38 ATP

Question 39

What happens to the energy not harnessed in glucose?

Answer 39

It is lost as heat energy

Question 40

What is another name for fermentation?

Answer 40

Anaerobic respiration

Question 41

What carries out lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 41

Microorganisms

Question 42

What does the liver do to the lactic acid it receives?

Answer 42

It converts it back into pyruvic acid.