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Donny RAD POS ll > Ch9 Lumbar + Sacrum/ Coccyx > Flashcards

Ch9 Lumbar + Sacrum/ Coccyx Flashcards

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1
Q

Exam:
Where is the subarachnoid space?

A

L3-L4

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2
Q

Exam:
LPO best demonstrates _____ Z joints.
Upside or downside?

A

left zygapophyseal joints
downside

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3
Q

Exam:
RPO best demonstrates _____ Z joints.
Upside or downside?

A

right zygapophyseal joints
downside

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4
Q

Exam:
The ear of the scotty dog is?

A

superior articular process

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5
Q

Exam:
The eye of the scotty dog is?

A

Pedicle

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6
Q

Exam:
The nose of the scotty dog is?

A

Transverse process

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7
Q

Exam:
The feet of the scotty dog is?

A

inferior articular process

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8
Q

Exam:
The neck of the scotty dog is?

A

Pars interarticularis

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9
Q

Exam:
The body of the scotty dog is?

A

Lamina

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10
Q

Exam:
The tail of the scotty dog is the?

A

Spinous process

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11
Q

Exam:
What is an intrathecal procedure?

A

Administering drugs through the spinal canal
(Ex: MP with chemo)
(intrathecal= spinal space)

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12
Q

Exam:
What is the CR for Sacrum and coccyx?
What is the angle?

A

midway between pubis symphysis and ASIS or 2 inches inferior to ASIS
or 2 inches superior to pubis symphysis
(all mean the same thing)
15 cephalic for sacrum
10 caudad for coccyx

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13
Q

Exam:
What do you see in a Myleogram?
1. posterior disk herniation
2. posttraumatic spinal cord swelling
3. internal disk legions

A

1 & 2
We can’t see the internal disk legions because the contrast goes up and down the spinal cord.
We can’t see because the “gusher” in the disc space.

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14
Q

Exam:
What is the angle for a AP sacrum and coccyx?
PA?

A

15 cephalic for sacrum
10 caudad for coccyx
PA: 15 caudad for sacrum & 10 cephalic for coccyx

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15
Q

Exam:
When are Zygapophyseal joints seen for cervical?

A

Lateral
90 degrees *

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16
Q

Exam:
What is the angle for a PA sacrum and coccyx?

A

15 caudad for sacrum
10 cephalic for coccyx
(AP to PA changes angle)

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17
Q

Exam:
When are the Zygapophyseal joints seen for thoracic?

A

70–75-degree oblique *

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18
Q

Exam:
When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too posterior what is the cause?
How do we fix it?

A

over rotated (too lateral/posterior)
oblique less

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19
Q

Exam:
Which vertebrae are lordotic curves?
What kind of curves are these?
Convex or Concave?

A

Cervical & lumbar
1st & 2nd compensatory curves
concave

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20
Q

Exam:
Which vertebrae are kyphotic curves?
What kind of curves are these?
Convex or Concave?

A

Thoracic & Sacrum
1st and 2nd primary curves
Convex

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21
Q

Exam:
What are compensatory curvatures (secondary)?
What are primary curvatures?

A

Compensatory: Cervical & lumbar
Primary: Thoracic & Sacrum

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22
Q

Exam:
RPO best shows?

A

right zygapophyseal joints
downside

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23
Q

Exam:
RAO best shows?

A

left zygapophyseal joints
upside

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24
Q

Exam:
LAO best shows?

A

right zygapophyseal joints
upside

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25
Exam: If we are doing a lateral lumbar spine, what plane is perpendicular to the IR?
mid-coronal plane
26
Exam: What is in-between the superior (Ear) and inferior (leg) articular process?
Pars interarticularis
27
Exam: When are the Zygapophyseal joints shown for lumbar?
45-degree oblique
28
Exam: What connects the arch for the spinous process to the transverse process?
Lamina
29
Exam: What is the pathology that involves the PARS? What projection best shows this?
Spondylosis Oblique lumbar
30
Exam: What connects the vertebral body to the transverse process?
pedicle
31
Exam: You are performing a 5 view lumbar the patient is complaining of lower back pain from an old sports injury. After the AP projection you roll the patient into a RPO position and make an exposure. The right transverse process projects from the front of the vertebral body and the pedicle is near the anterior aspect of the body in the image. What correction could we do?
More oblique too AP (anterior) = under rotation too lateral (posterior)= over rotation
32
Exam: What is Spondylosis?
a fx (defect) to the PARS interarticularis ("Scottie dog wearing a collar") Most common at L4-L5
33
Exam: What is spondylolisthesis? Best shown in?
forward slipping of one vertebrae Originates from spondylosis Common in L5-S1 "Slipped disc" best shown in a lateral
34
Exam: Why would we have the patient flex their knees or place a sponge during a supine AP lumbar projection?
fix the curvature of the spine to reduce OID decrease magnification
35
Exam: What view best shows spondylthesis?
lateral
36
Exam: When do we see the lumbar foramen?
lateral view
37
Exam: LPO best shows?
left zygapophyseal joints downside
38
Exam: What view best shows spondylosis?
Oblique lumbar
39
Exam: When performing obliques if the pedicle appears to be too anterior what is the cause? How do we fix it?
under rotated (too AP/anterior) oblique the patient more
40
Exam: What is the angulation for AP Axial SI joints? What is the CR?
30 degrees cephalic for men 35 degrees cephalic for women midway between pubis symphysis and ASIS
41
Exam: What does the Sacrum articulate with laterally?
ilium
42
Exam: What does SI joints stand for?
Sacroiliac joint
43
Exam: What is the CR for lateral coccyx?
3-4 inches posterior to ASIS 2 Inches distal from ASIS (no more than 4!)
44
Exam: Where is the level of xiphoid tip?
T9-T10
45
Exam: What is the CR for the spot (L5-S1 lateral)?
1.5 inches inferior to crest 2 inches posterior to ASIS 5-8 degrees caudad
46
Exam: What is the CR for AP lumbar? Lateral lumbar? obliques? flex Ext?
AP: Iliac crest (L4-L5) Lateral: iliac crest (L4-L5) Obliques: 2 inches medial and 1-2 inches superior to iliac crest + 45-degree PO rotations Flex/Ext: iliac crest (L4-L5) + extension and flexion
47
Exam: Where is the level of the iliac crest?
L4-L5
48
Exam: What does flex/ext show?
posterior/anterior displacement
49
Exam: Where is the level of the lower coastal margin?
L2-L3
50
Be able to label a xray Know
51
Exam: Where is the level of ASIS?
S1-S2
52
Exam: What views show flexibility and lumbar fusions?
flex/ext
53
Exam: If we are shooting an AP projection of the coccyx and the distal tip is superimposed over the pubis symphysis, we could correct this by?
throw more of a caudad angle from 10 to 15 degrees
54
Exam: What is the CR for AP SI joints? What is the obliques?
AP: 30 cephalic for men 35 cephalic for women + 2 inches below ASIS or 2 inches superior to Pubis symphysis Obliques: 25–30-degree PO + 1 inch medial to UPSIDE ASIS
55
Exam: What is the CR for AP axial sacrum and coccyx?
Sacrum: 15 cephalic 2 inches superior to pubic symphysis Coccyx: 10 degrees caudad 2 inches superior to symphysis
56
Exam: what does side-way bending show?
lateral displacement
57
Exam: At what angle (oblique) does the SI joints open up at?
25-30 degrees oblique
58
Exam: At what angles do the zygapophyseal joints open up at?
50-30 degrees oblique (45 oblique)
59
Exam: What is the CR for Lumbar spot? Is there an angle?
1.5 inches inferior to crest & 2 inches posterior to ASIS + 5–8-degree caudad (supine only)
60
Exam: What is the CR for Lateral Sacrum and coccyx?
3-4 inches posterior to ASIS
61
Exam: What kind of joints are the Zygapophyseal joints?
plane or gliding (synovial/diarthrodial)
62
Exam: What kind of joints are the intervertebral joints?
slightly movable (Amphiarthrodial) (cartilaginous/symphysis)
63
Exam: Lordotic curves are convex or concave?
Concave
64
Exam: Kyphotic curves are convex or concave?
Convex
65
Exam: If the coccyx appears to have a greater curvature, we should increase the angle to ___ ____
15 Caudad
66
Exam: If we go from supine to prone what happens to the angle?
changes from cephalic to caudad (Vice versa)
67
Exam: What kind of joints are the lumbar zygapophyseal joints?
(synovial/diarthrodial) plane or gliding
68
Exam: what kind of joints are the intervertebral joints?
Amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable) (cartilaginous/ symphysis)
69
General: For L1-L2 rotation for oblique may be increased to _____ For L5-S1 rotation for oblique may be decreased to ______
50 degrees 30 degrees
70
General: What does the inferior and superior vertebral notch form?
intervertebral foramen
71
General: What forms the median sacral crest?
fused spinous processes of the sacrum
72
General: What two anatomy structures come together to form the SI joint?
auricular surface (sacrum) Ilium
73
General: The ______ form a bridge between transverse process and lateral masses to the spinous process
Laminae
74
General: The portion of the lamina between superior and inferior articular processes are?
Pars interarticularis
75
General: What is the CR for lateral lumbar?
Iliac crest (L4-L5)
76
General: What is the CR for AP lumbar? smaller IR?
Iliac crest (L4-L5) Smaller: 1-2 inches inferior to crest (L3)
77
General: What are breathing techniques for lumbar spine?
suspend breathing after expiration
78
General: What is the CR for oblique lumbar?
1 to 2 inches above crest 2 inches medial to UPSIDE ASIS (2 up and 2 medial)
78
General: If waist is not supported sufficiently in L5-S1, what must we do?
5-8 degrees caudad (CR must be parallel to interiliac line)
79
General: What is the CR for L5-S1 (spot)?
1.5 inches inferior to crest 2 inches posterior to ASIS
80
General: What is the CR for AP Axial L5-S1 (spot)?
CR: ASIS 30 cephalic for male 35 cephalic for women
80
General: What is the CR for AP Axial Sacrum? What is CR prone?
2 inferior to ASIS or 2 inches superior to pubis 15 cephalic Prone: 15 caudad
81
General: What is the CR for AP Axial Coccyx? CR prone?
2 inches superior to pubis or 2 inches inferior to ASIS 10 caudad Prone: 10 cephalic
82
General: What is the CR for AP axial SI joints? CR prone?
2 inches inferior to ASIS 30 Cephalic (male) 35 cephalic (women) Prone: 30-35 caudad
82
General: What is the CR for Oblique SI joints? How much patient oblique?
1 inch medial to ASIS 20–30-degree oblique
82
General: What is the CR for lateral Sacrum and Coccyx?
3-4 inches posterior to ASIS For coccyx: 2 inches distal to ASIS
83
General: To demonstrate the inferior distal SI joint more clearly, what could we do?
angle 15-20 cephalic
83
Exam: PO shows ____ z joints
Downside
84
Exam: AO shows ______ z joints
Upside
85
Lordotic curves are _____ curves. Which are _____ that ______
Compensatory Cervical & lumbar Concave
86
Exam: Kyphotic curves are _____ curves. Which are ______ that _____
Primary Thoracic & sacrum Convex
87
Exam: If we are doing a left lateral lumbar what plane is parallel to the IR?
Mid-sagittal
87
88
Exam: Pedicle to anterior means? Correction:
Too AP More oblique
89
Exam: Pedicle to posterior means? Correction:
Too lateral Less oblique

Donny RAD POS ll (8 decks)

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