Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

donny rad positioning 2 > Ch 8 Cervical + Thoracic > Flashcards

Ch 8 Cervical + Thoracic Flashcards

exam review

1
Q

Where do you inject for a Myelogram (cervical)?
What is this called?

A

C1-C2
Subarachnoid space
Cisternal puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

increased concavity (lumbar)
exaggerated lumbar curvature
(swayback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

increased (exaggerated) convexity in the thoracic area
(humpback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Halatosis? **

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is concave?

A

rounded inward
or
depressed surface like a cave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is convex?

A

rounded outward
or
elevated surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cervical is what type of curve?

A

first compensatory curve
concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thoracic is what type of curve?

A

first primary curve
convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lumbar is what type of curve?

A

second compensatory curve
concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sacral is what type of curve?

A

second primary curve
convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes up the zygapophyseal joint?

A

superior and inferior articular processes**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compensatory curve=

A

concave (lordotic)
(1st cervical) (2nd lumbar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary curve=
What are the 2 primary curves?

A

convex
(1st thoracic) (2nd sacrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are primary curves?

A

convex curves
1st primary curve: thoracic
2nd primary curve: sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are compensatory curves?

A

Concave curves
1st compensatory curve: cervical
2nd compensatory curve: lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the pedicle located? *****
What does it connect?

A

posterior to the body of the vertebrae
attaches body to vertebral arch
(terminate in the area of the transverse process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are the laminae located? *****
What does it connect?

A

connects the transverse process to the spinous process
(posterior to transverse anterior to spinous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a cervical exam when would we see the zygapophyseal joints?

A

true lateral
90 degrees to the midsagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When do we see the C1 & C2 Z joints?

A

In an AP open mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In a cervical exam when would we see the foramen?

A

45 degree oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When would we best see the intervertebral disk space best?

A

AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When the positioning of the patient changes from AP to PA what happens to the angle?

A

AP to PA would change the angle from being cephalic to caudad and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do we position for an open mouth?

A

upper incisors and base of skull lined up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When taking the Judd and Fuchs what are we looking for and what does it look like?

A

J: Dens sticking out in the hole of skull (foramen magna)
Book: Den’s and surrounding bony structures of the C1 ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the name of the joint that articulates/connects the skull and the atlas?

A

Atlantooccipital joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the purpose of the transverse foramen in the cervical spine?

A

For the nerve roots to connect to the brain **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many zygapophyseal joints do we see in a lateral (cervical)?

A

5 Z joints
(C1 & C2 are seen in AP open mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

(t/f)
During trauma we are doing a cross table lateral for a cervical spine we don’t see the anatomy demonstrated we would use a sand bag.

A

false
Sandbags would cause more harm then good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how we position for a flexion cervical?

A

true lateral
depress chin until it touches chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How would we position for extension cervical?

A

true lateral
raise chin and tilt head back as far as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What skull line would we use to position for (3;30) hube mangin?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the space called that we inject myelograms?
What level of the spine is this?

A

Subarachnoid space
Cervical: C1-C2
Lumbar: L3-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which foramen is seen in PA cervical oblique?

A

upside (side away) ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which foramen is seen in AP cervical oblique?

A

side closest to IR ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What level is the vertebral prominens at?

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What level is the jugular notch located at?

A

T2-T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What level is the xiphoid tip located at?

A

T9-T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What level is the thyroid cartilage located at?

A

C5
(varies between C4-C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What level is the sternal angle located at?

A

T4-T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where is mid thorax located?
How do we find this?

A

T7
(by going 3-4 inches inferior to jugular notch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is another way to find mid-thorax in an AP projection?

A

7-8 inches below vertebra prominens
(7 for women 8 for men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What level is the EAM located at?

A

1 inch above C1 (mastoid tip)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

At what level is the mastiod tip located?

A

C1
(one inch inferior to EAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the jeffersons fx?

A

communited fx of C1 anterior and posterior arches
result from landing on feet or head abruptly
(AP open mouth best demonstrates this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the clay shoveler’s fx?

A

hyperextension of the neck
avulsion fx of C6 to T1
(best demonstrated in a lateral C spine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a compression fx (compression wedge fx)?

A

collapse of vertebral body from flexion in T and L regions
Shapes the vertebral like a wedge instead of a block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Scoliosis can be caused by:

A

Neuromuscular disorder
congenital (happens from birth)
idiopathic (just cause)

49
Q

looking from the posterior aspect the cervical spine appears to be concave or convex?

A

concave

50
Q

When do you see the zygapophyseal joints in a thoracic spine?

A

70-75 degree oblique from the midsagittal plane

51
Q

What do you see the foramen in the thoracic spine?

A

90 degrees to the midsagittal plane
(true lateral)

52
Q

Where is the facet located?

A
53
Q

Where is the spinous process located?

A
54
Q

Where are the zygapophyseal located?

A
55
Q

Where is the thoracic process located?

A
56
Q

Where is superior articular process located?

A
57
Q

what helps form the intervertebral foramen?

A

inferior vertebral notch
&
superior vertebral notch

58
Q

(t/f)
If the patient has a traumatic injury to their spine, its best to manipulate the tube rather than move the patient

A

true
Moving the patient in trauma situations can lead to more damage

59
Q

What do you see in a PA cervical oblique?
AO or PO?
how is the positioning?

A

anterior oblique (AO)
15 degrees caudad
pedicles and foramina closest to IR
Mark side down?

60
Q

what do you see in an AP cervical oblique?
AO or PO?
how is the positioning?

A

posterior oblique (PO)
15 degrees cephalic
pedicles and foramina farthest from IR
Mark side up?

61
Q
A
62
Q

Why is there a 15 degree cephalic angle for AP/oblique cervical spine?

A

shape and overlapping of the C-spine vertebrae

63
Q

What do you seen in the lateral cervical spine?

A

zygapophyseal joints **
intervertebral disc space (joint spaces) (not best displayed but general idea)

64
Q

What do you seen in a lateral thoracic spine?

A

intervertebral foramen

65
Q

What do you see in a thoracic oblique spine?

A

zygapophyseal joints
(70-75 degree oblique)

66
Q

What is demonstrated in an AP cervical?

A

C1 & C2 zygapophyseal joints
(AP open mouth)

67
Q

What are the two main parts of the spine vertebrae?

A

body
vertebral arch

68
Q

When do we see the Zygopophyseal joints in Cervical?
And Thoracic?

A

C spine: lateral L or R
T-spine: 70-75 degree oblique PO or AO

68
Q

When do we see the intervertebral foramina in a cervical?
And thoracic?

A

C-spine: 45 degree oblique PO (upside) or AO (downside)
T-spine: lateral L or R

69
Q

What is demonstrated in an oblique Cervical?

A

intervertebral foramina
(45 degrees)

70
Q

What is best demonstrated in a lateral C spine?

A

Zygapophyseal joints

71
Q

What is demonstrated in an AP thoracic spine?

A

intervertebral disc space

72
Q

What would be some reasons to shoot a scoliosis x-ray PA instead of AP?

A

radiation safety to:
gonads
eyes
thyroid cartilage
breasts
(Mainly Thyroid)

73
Q

What can lower the amount of radiation to the patient when shooting a scoliosis x-ray?

A

a filter (thick to thin)
shielding (brick shield**)

74
Q

What would we do for a functionality test of the spine?

A

flexion and extension

75
Q

when would we do a cross table spine?

A

Trauma **

76
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?
(gusher)

A
77
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis?
(gusher)

A

outer layer of

78
Q

What projection would require the most amount of dose/penetration?
What is the kvp?

A

swimmers/cervical thoracic
80-90 kvp ***

79
Q

General:
how many bones in the vertebral column for a child?
how many for an adult?

A

33 child
26 adult

80
Q

General:
Where do the first 10 thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs?

A

costotransverse joints
&
costovertebral joints

81
Q

Where do the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs?

A

single costovertebral joints
(because 11/12 are false ribs)

82
Q

what part of the spine contains the spinal cord?

A

Vertebral foramen

83
Q

What does spine vertebrae consist of?

A

2 pedicles
2 lamina
2 transverse process (lateral)
1 spinous process (posteriorly)
1 large body (anteriorly)
4 articular processes (2 inferior 2 superior)

84
Q

what forms the zygapophyseal joints?

A

2 inferior articular processes
2 superior articular processes
(forms left and right Z joints)

85
Q

what is the space in between the vertebrae called?

A

intervertebral disc space

86
Q

what are the “anterior” facets called?

A

costovertebral joints
(for the head of the rib)

87
Q

what are the “posterior” facets called?

A

costotransverse joints
(for the tubercle rib)

88
Q

What are T1-T4 similar too?
What are T5-T8 referred as?
What are T9-T12 similar to?

A

cervical vertebrae (small)
typical thoracic vertebrae (medium)
lumbar vertebrae (large)

89
Q

what is the joint between C1 and the skull?
What type of joint is this?

A

Atlantooccipital joint
synovial, diarthrodial, ellipsoid (condyloid)

90
Q

What is the name of the joints between C1 and C2?
What type of joints are these?

A

R and L lateral atlantoaxial joints
synovial, diarthrodial, plane or gliding

91
Q

what type of joints are the medial atlantooccipital joints?

A

synovial, diarthrodial, pivot (trochoid)

92
Q

What kind of joints are the intervertebral joints? (C2-T12)

A

amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)
cartilaginous (symphysis)

93
Q

What kind of joints are the zygapophyseal joints?

A

plane or gliding
synovial
diarthrodial

94
Q

What type of joints are the costotransverse (T1-T10) and the costovertebral (T1-T12) joints?

A

plane or gliding
synovial
Diarthrodial

95
Q

How do we see the C-spine intervertebral foramina in an PA projection?

A

45 degree oblique LAO/RAO
15 degrees caudad
LAO shows left foramina
RAO shows right foramina
(AO shows the same side foramina)
(downside visualized)

96
Q

How do we see the C-spine intervertebral foramina in an AP projection?

A

45 degree oblique LPO/RPO
15 degrees cephalic
LPO shows right foramina
RPO shows left foramina
(PO shows the opposite side foramina)
(upside visualized)

97
Q

C spine AO key differences

A

15 degrees caudad
LAO/RAO
AO shows downside (same side) foramina
(ex: LAO shows left foramina)

98
Q

C spine PO key differences

A

15 degrees cephalic
LPO/RPO
PO shows upside (opposite side) foramina
(ex: LPO shows right foramina)

99
Q

when do you see the vertebral foramina in a T-spine x-ray?

A

R or L lateral

100
Q

When do you see the Zygapophyseal joints in a Thoracic spine?

A

70 degree oblique
LPO/RPO = upside (PO shows opposite side)
LAO/RAO =Downside (AO shows same side)

101
Q

what does wagging jaw best show?

A
102
Q
A
103
Q
A
104
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A
108
Q
A
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q
A
112
Q
A
113
Q
A
113
Q
A
114
Q
A
115
Q
A
116
Q
A

donny rad positioning 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions