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Donny Rad positioning 2 > Ch 7 Hips and Pelvis Exam review > Flashcards

Ch 7 Hips and Pelvis Exam review Flashcards

1
Q

Exam review:
What are palpable landmarks on a pelvis?
1. Greater Trochanter
2. Pubis symphysis
3. Femoral Neck
4. Iliac Crest

A

1,2,4
Femoral neck is not one of them

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2
Q

Exam review:
What is the angulation between the neck and medial shaft of the femur in the average adult?

A

125 degrees

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3
Q

Exam review:
what should be parallel to the image receptor when performing an inferosuperior axial hip? (cross table)
A. Knee joint
B. Central Ray
C. Tube Face
D. Femoral epicondyles

A

C. Tube Face

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4
Q

Exam review:
Central ray is always ________

A

Perpendicular

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5
Q

Exam review:
(t/f)
In an AP axial projection (frog) the femoral neck is parallel to the image receptor
How many degrees?
Vertically or horizontally?

A

True
30-40 degrees
Vertically
(Book says 40-45)

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6
Q

Exam review:
How much do you oblique for Judet views?

A

45 degrees?
LPO/ RPO

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7
Q

Exam review:
What do you see on the upside of the Judet views?

A

posterior rim of the acetabulum
anterior iliopubic column

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8
Q

Exam review:
Is the Acetabulum in the Ilium, pubis, or ischium?

A

all three
The joint is separated into anterior, posterior, and superior portions.

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9
Q

Exam review:
What do you see on the downside Judet view?

A

anterior rim of the acetabulum
posterior ilioschial column

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10
Q

Exam review:
How do we position for an downside Judet view?

A

patient supine
45 degree oblique LPO/RPO
2 inches inferior + 2 inches medial to downside ASIS

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11
Q

Exam review:
What makes up the pelvis?

A

2 hips (left and right)
Sacrum
Coccyx

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12
Q

Exam review:
How do we position for an upside Judet view?

A

patient supine
45 degree oblique LPO/RPO
2 inches inferior to ASIS

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13
Q

Exam review:
What do we see in an upside Judet view?

A

posterior rim of the acetabulum
anterior iliopubic column

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14
Q

Exam review:
what is the superior portion of the hip?

A

Ilium

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15
Q

Exam review:
What is the posterior portion of the hip?

A

Ischium
(itchy bum)

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16
Q

Exam review:
What is the anterior portion of the hip?

A

Pubis

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17
Q

Exam review:
What is the main difference between a female pelvis and a male pelvis?

A

Male is <90 (less than 90 degrees, shaped more like a heart)
Female is >90 (mainly due to birthing reasons)
Male is acute angle
Female is obtuse angle

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18
Q

Exam review: What view/rotation best shows the lesser trochanters in profile?

A

external oblique/rotation

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19
Q

Exam review:
what position best displays an anterior/posterior fracture?

A

Lateral projection

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20
Q

Exam review:
What view best shows the greater trochanter in profile?

A

internal oblique/rotation

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21
Q

Exam review:
What view best shows a lateral fracture?

A

an anterior/posterior (AP) projection

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22
Q

Exam review:
Axial lateral horizontal beam projection of the hips (cross table) requires the image receptor to be placed:
1. parallel to the central ray
2. parallel to the long axis of the femoral neck
3. in contact with the lateral surface of the body

A

2 bc internal rotation makes the femoral neck parallel
3 bc we have patients lateral side closer to IR to reduce OID
cannot be no. 1 because the central ray is ALWAYS perpendicular to the image receptor

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23
Q

Exam review:
In a frog position the femoral neck is _____ to the image receptor

A

parallel

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24
Q

Exam review:
what part of the innominate bone makes up the obturator foramen?

A

Ischium
Pubis
(where the posterior and anterior meet to create the hole aka obturator foramen)

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25
Q

Exam review:
where is the innominate bone located at?
also known as?

A

at the hips (left or right there are two)
ossa coxae

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26
Q

Exam review:
Where is the adductor tubercle located?

A

distal medial femur
(Near medial epicondyle)

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27
Q

Exam review:
right posterior oblique Judet position of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the:
1. anterior rim of right acetabulum
2. right iliac wing
3. right anterior iliopubic column
(will change the answer choices)

A

(1+2) but…
anterior rim of acetabulum
Posterior Ilioischial column
right iliac wing

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28
Q

Exam review:
How many degrees are the medial and lateral condyles of the femur are separated from each other?

A

5-7 degrees
(why we angle on knees)
(Medial extends more Distally than lateral)

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29
Q

Exam review:
What does the femur articulate with distally?

A

Patella
tibia

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30
Q

Exam review:
When would we not rotate the femur for hip views?

A

if there is a suspected fx
or
we want to see specific trochanters

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31
Q

Exam review:
The femoral neck can be located:
A. Parallel to the femoral shaft
B. Perpendicular to the femoral shaft
C. Perpendicular to the line drawn from the ASIS to the pubis symphysis
D. Perpendicular to the line drawn from the iliac crest to the pubis symphysis
(will change these answer choices)

A

could be either C or D

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32
Q

Exam review:
How much does the femur slant in?

A

5-15 degrees?

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33
Q

Exam review:
What does the femur articulate with proximally?

A

acetabulum?

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34
Q

Exam review:
When would we rotate the femur for hip projections?

A

all hip projections to remove lesser trochanter from profile
Internal= greater trochanter
External= lesser trochanter

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35
Q

Exam review:
When would we use the Nakayama method?
What does it replace?

A

Trauma views
it replaces our crosstable

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36
Q

Exam review:
What can we use for a cross table lateral projection to improve the quality of the image?

A

add filter & grid

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37
Q

Exam review:
What is the central ray for the AP pelvis?

A

2 inches inferior to ASIS
midway point between ASIS and Pubis symphysis
(15–20-degree internal rotation of affected leg)

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38
Q

Exam review:
What is osteoporosis?
How does it appear on an x-ray?
What demographic is it most common in?

A

reduction in bone
more radiolucent (whiter)
common in geriatric patients

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39
Q

Exam review:
What is the CR for inlet?

A

40 degrees caudad
CR ASIS

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40
Q

Exam review:
What is the CR for outlet? (Taylor method)

A

20-35 degrees cephalic for men
30-45 degrees cephalic for women
CR 1-2 inches inferior to pubis symphysis

41
Q

General:
The outlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
Outlet aka?

A

inferior
inferior aperture

42
Q

General:
The inlet refers to the ______ portion of the true pelvis
Inlet aka?

A

superior
superior aperture

43
Q

General:
What are other names for cross table?

A

axiolateral?
inferosuperior?
Danelius-miller projection

44
Q

General:
If we need a proximal lateral femur projection how are positioning the patient?

A

Similar to lateral knee without the angle

45
Q

General:
What is the CR for bilateral frogs?

A

3 inches inferior of ASIS

46
Q

General:
What does Nakayama view replace?

A

lateral hip (cross table)
Trauma view

47
Q

General:
What does positioning look like for nakayama lateral?

A

tilt IR 15 degrees from vertical (to get CR perpendicular to IR)
angle posteriorly 15-20 degrees horizontally (like cross table)

48
Q

General:
What forms the actual birth canal?

A

true pelvis

49
Q

General:
what divides the pelvis from the greater/false pelvis and the lesser/true pelvis?

A

the brim

50
Q

General:
The obturator foramen is:

A

large opening formed by the ramus & body of each ischium

51
Q

General:
the two rami (ramus) meet in the midline to form the:

A

pubis symphysis

52
Q

General:
The ischial tuberosity is 1 1/2 - 2 inches ________ to the pubis symphysis

A

inferior

53
Q

General:
The superior portion of the pubis symphysis is at the same level as the:

A

greater trochanter

54
Q

(Tips)
Be able to label anatomy with picture.
Know your Judet views.
know all the names of the views and their angles/anatomy.
4 picture for femur
Do anatomy modules!
Which condyle is the abductor tubercle?
How many degrees slants in? (femur)

A
55
Q

General:
The greater trochanter is located ________ & ________ compared to the femoral neck.

A

superiorly
laterally
(is palpable landmark)

56
Q

General:
The lesser trochanter is located ________ & ________ compared to the femoral neck.

A

posteriorly
medially

57
Q

General:
What is the angle of the neck to the shaft of an average adult?

A

125 degrees
(with 15 degrees of variance)

58
Q

General:
To produce a true AP position of the femur what must we do?

A

rotate leg/femur 15 degrees internally

59
Q

General:
The lesser and greater trochanter are joined together by a thick crest called:

A

intertrochanteric crest

60
Q

General:
What are the parts of the pelvis?

A

2 hip bones (innominate bones)
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

61
Q

General:
What are the parts of the hip?
What is there location?

A

Ilium (superiorly)
Pubis (anteriorly)
Ischium (posteriorly)

62
Q

General:
Ilium consists of two parts:

A

body
Ala (wing)

63
Q

General:
Palpable superior portion of the hip is:

A

Iliac crest

64
Q

General:
Palpable anterior portion of the hip is:

A

ASIS
(anterior superior iliac spine)

65
Q

General:
Ischium is divided into two parts:

A

body
ramus

66
Q

General:
pubic arch for women:
Pubic arch for men

A

80-85 degrees
50-60 degrees

67
Q

General:
Sacroiliac joint is:

A

synovial
Amphiarthrodial
(limited movement)

68
Q

General:
Pubis symphysis joint is:

A

cartilaginous
Amphiarthodial
(limited)

69
Q

General:
Union of acetabulum joint is:

A

Cartilaginous
synarthrodial
(non-moveable)

70
Q

General:
Hip joint is:

A

Synovial
Diarthrodial
ball and socket joint

71
Q

General:
Internal rotation gives a ____ projection of proximal femur

A

AP

72
Q

General:
What is a common fracture site for older patients who have fallen?

A

Femoral neck

73
Q

General:
Internal rotation shows _____ in profile:

A

greater trochanter

74
Q

General:
External rotation shows the _______ in profile

A

lesser trochanter

75
Q

General:
In a lateral projection of the proximal femur/hip what trochanter is seen in profile free of superimposition?

A

Lesser trochanter?
not really lol

76
Q

Exam review:
The right posterior oblique of the right acetabulum would be:

A

Downside Judet

77
Q

Exam review:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the right acetabulum would be:

A

Upside

78
Q

Exam review:
The right posterior oblique (RPO) of the left acetabulum would be:

A

Upside

79
Q

Exam review:
The left posterior oblique (LPO) of the left acetabulum would be:

A

Downside

80
Q

General:
What is a good way to remember oblique positioning on Judet views for acetabulum?

A

If the oblique is the same as the acetabulum then it is downside
Ex:
LPO + left acetabulum= downside
RPO + right acetabulum = downside

81
Q

What is the CR for bilateral frogs?
Unilateral frog?

A

Bilateral:
3 inches from ASIS
40-45 degrees vertical
Unilateral:
mid-femoral neck
45 degrees from vertical

82
Q

For Nakayama why is the angle 15-20 degrees horizontally?

A

Patient is unable to rotate 15-20 degrees internally due to trauma
(possibly)

83
Q

Where is the femoral neck located?

A

3-4 inches inferior 1-2 inches medial to ASIS

84
Q

Pubis symphysis is located at?

A

3-4 inches inferior to ASIS

85
Q

Pubis symphysis is located at?

A

3-4 inches inferior to ASIS

86
Q

General:
PA axial oblique Teufel method shows what?

A

Acetabulum (superoposterior wall)

87
Q

General:
What is the position for the Tuefel method?
AKA?

A

12 cephalad
35-40 anterior oblique
1 inch superior of greater trochanter 2 inches to lateral side
AKA: PA axial oblique

88
Q

General:
How does female pelvis appear?

A

ilia more flared
wider
& rounder
>90

89
Q

General:
how does a male pelvis appear?

A

narrower
less flared
shaped like heart
<90

90
Q

Pathology:
most common fx for geriatric patients?

A

proximal femur fx
(femoral neck to be exact)

91
Q

Pathology:
Ankylosing spondylitis:

A

fusion of the SI joints

92
Q

Pathology:
Chondrosarcoma:

A

malignant tumor of the cartilage
men older than 45

93
Q

Pathology:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH):

A

hip dislocation from birth

94
Q

Pathology:
Osteoarthritis:

A

known as degenerative joint disease
causes pain and stiffness

95
Q

Pathology:
pelvic ring fx:

A

severe blow to one side of pelvis that may lead to one-sided fx

96
Q

Pathology:
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE):

A

the epiphyseal plate appears shorter and wider
occurs in 10–16-year-olds

97
Q

What are the alternative method names for these projects:
what do they also show?
AP bilateral frog
AP axial outlet projection
Posterior oblique projection
PA axial oblique
axiolateral inferosuperior

A

Clements (lateral hip)
Taylor method (outlet)
Judet method (shows rims)
Teufel method (acetabulum)
Danelius-Miller method (x-table)

98
Q
A

Donny Rad positioning 2 (8 decks)

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