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Donny Rad positioning 2 > Ch 10 Ribs and sternum review > Flashcards

Ch 10 Ribs and sternum review Flashcards

1
Q

Exam:
Posterior pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?

A

AP
Downside (side that’s down)

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2
Q

Exam:
Anterior pain is what projection?
What side is in interest?

A

PA
Upside

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3
Q

Exam:
Patient walks in the ER with anterior left upper pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?

A

RAO
PA projection

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4
Q

Exam:
Patient walks in the ER with right anterior pain what oblique would we use?
What is the projection?
What is the side of interest?

A

LAO
PA
Upside ribs

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5
Q

Exam:
Patient walks in the ER with left lower posterior pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?

A

LPO
AP projection

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6
Q

Exam:
Patient walks in the ER with right lower posterior pain, what oblique best shows this?
What is the projection?

A

RPO
AP projection

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7
Q

Exam:
RAO best shows what axillary?

A

left axillary

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8
Q

Exam:
LPO shows what axillary?

A

left axillary

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9
Q

Exam:
RPO best shows what axillary?

A

right axillary

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10
Q

Exam:
LAO best shows what axillary?

A

right axillary

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11
Q

Exam:
If patient is in a RPO position, what pain are they experiencing?

A

right posterior pain
(AP = side down)

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12
Q

Exam:
If patient is in a LPO position what pain are they experiencing?

A

Left posterior pain
(AP = side down)

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13
Q

Exam:
If patient is in a LAO position, what pain are they experiencing?

A

right anterior pain
(PA = Away)

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14
Q

Exam:
If patient is in a RAO position, what pain are they experiencing?

A

left anterior pain
(PA = Away)

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15
Q

Exam Review:
What position best shows the ribs below the diaphragm?

A

recumbent
(can move the belly out of the way)

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16
Q

Exam Review:
What is the breathing technique for lower (below) rib views?

A

expose of expiration

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17
Q

Exam Review:
What is the breathing technique for upper ribs/ above diaphragm projections?

A

Expose on inspiration

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18
Q

Exam Review:
What pathologies can you see specifically from expiration x-rays?

A

pneumothorax
hemothorax
&
Pulmonary contusions

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19
Q

Exam Review:
What happens to the diaphragm on expiration?

A

diaphragm moves up

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20
Q

Exam Review:
What happens to the diaphragm on inspiration?

A

diaphragm moves down

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21
Q

Exam Review:
Why does the expiration breathing technique show pneumothorax?

A

expiration shows the escaped air in the pleura cavity

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22
Q

Exam Review:
Which part of the rib attaches to the transverse process?
What is this joint called?
What type of joint is it?

A

tubercle of the rib
costotransverse
plane or gliding

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23
Q

Exam Review:
Which part of the rib attaches to the vertebral body?
What is this joint called?
What type of joint is it?

A

head of the rib
(“head to the body”)
costovertebral
plane or gliding

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24
Q

Exam Review:
what is the most important part of setting up for a rib exam?

A

locating where the pain is

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25
Q

Exam Review:
(t/f)
We should interview the patient and get an accurate history when it comes to rib exams

A

true

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26
Q

Exam Review:
which of the following positions will best demonstrate the ribs of the left thorax?

A

RAO & LPO

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27
Q

Exam Review:
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial
diarthrodial
plane or gliding

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28
Q

Exam Review:
What kind of joint are the first to tenth costochondral joints?

A

synarthrodial (immoveable)

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29
Q

Exam Review:
what kind of joint is the first sternocostal joint?

A

(immoveable)
cartilaginous
synarthrodial

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30
Q

Exam Review:
what kind of joints are the second to seventh sternocostal joints?

A

synovial
diarthrodial
plane or gliding

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31
Q

Exam Review:
what kind of joints are the sixth to ninth interchondral joints?

A

synovial
diarthrodial
plane or gliding

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32
Q

Exam Review:
what kind of joints are the costotransverse joints? (1-10)

A

plane or gliding

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33
Q

Exam Review:
What kind of joints are the costovertebral joints? (1-12)

A

plane or gliding

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34
Q

Exam Review:
Why are there only 10 costotransverse joints?

A

last 2 ribs “floating ribs” don’t contain tubercles

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35
Q

Exam Review:
how many costotransverse joints are there?

A

10
(last two floating ribs don’t have tubercles)

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36
Q

Exam Review:
How many costovertebral joints are there?

A

12

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37
Q

Exam Review:
What is the costochondral union?

A

where bone and cartilage meet on ribs 1-10

38
Q

Exam Review:
Costochondral exists on which ribs?

A

ribs 1-10

39
Q

Exam Review:
What is the sternoclavicular joint?
What level is this located at?

A

where the sternum and clavicle meet
T2-T3

40
Q

Exam Review:
What is the first sternocostal joint?
What type of movement is this?

A

joint articulation between first rib and sternum
immoveable movement

41
Q

Exam Review:
what is the second to seventh sternocostal joints?
What kind of movement is this?

A

joint articulation between 2-7 ribs and sternum
Plane or gliding? *

42
Q

Exam Review:
What are the interchondral joints?

A

joint in between the cartilages of 6th-9th ribs

43
Q

Exam Review:
what are the costotransverse joints?

A

articulation between tubercle of rib and the transverse process of the spine

44
Q

Exam Review:
what are the costovertebral joints?

A

articulation between the vertebral body of the spine and the head of the rib
“head to body”

45
Q

Exam Review:
What are the views for the sternum?

A

RAO
lateral
(LPO if patient is unable to achieve RAO)

46
Q

Exam Review:
What level are the SC joints at?

A

T2-T3

47
Q

Exam Review:
LPO best demonstrates what axillary?
Where is the pain located?
What projection is that?

A

left axillary
left posterior pain
AP projection

48
Q

Exam Review:
which ribs are the false ribs?

A

8-12

49
Q

Exam Review:
which ribs are the true ribs?

A

1-7

50
Q

Exam Review:
which ribs are the floating ribs?

A

11 &12

51
Q

Exam Review:
What makes the ribs true ribs?

A

the connect directly to the sternum

52
Q

Exam Review:
If the patient is having left side anterior rib pain which views, would you perform?

A

RAO position/ oblique

53
Q

Exam Review:
what is the only articulation between the upper extremity and the bony thorax?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

54
Q

Exam Review:
what are the primary curves?

A

thoracic & sacrum

55
Q

Exam Review:
what are the secondary (compensatory) curves?

A

cervical & lumbar

56
Q

Exam Review:
what are the views for SC joints?

A

2 projections
PA & RAO/LAO
(PA projections)

57
Q

Exam Review:
What does inspiration and expiration do to the diaphragm?

A

expiration moves diaphragm up *
Inspiration moves the diaphragm down

58
Q

Exam Review:
Why do we use inspiration on the upper rib projections?

A

inspiration on upper ribs cause the diaphragm to move down causing more thorax space
(gets diaphragm out of the picture)

59
Q

Exam Review:
why do we use expiration on lower rib projections?

A

expiration of lower ribs causes diaphragm to move up creating more space
(gets diaphragm out of the picture)

60
Q

Exam Review:
Where is the sternal angle located at?

A

T4-T5

61
Q

Exam Review:
Where is the lower costal margin (inferior rib) located at?

A

L2-L3

62
Q

Exam Review:
Where is xiphoid tip located at?

A

T9-T10

63
Q

Exam Review:
when do you see the z joints of the thoracic spine?

A

70-75 degree oblique

64
Q

Exam Review:
LAO will best demonstrate which SC joint the best?

A

left SC joint
(downside)

65
Q

Exam Review:
RAO will best demonstrate which SC joint the best?

A

Right SC joint
(downside)

66
Q

Exam Review:
What is the obliquity of the SC joints?

A

10-15 degree AO oblique

67
Q

Exam Review:
What is Flail chest?

A

fx of the adjacent ribs in two or more places
cause by blunt trauma

68
Q

Exam Review:
If a patient exhibits hemothorax on the right side and cannot stand what view could that best be shown in?

A

right lateral decubitus
(on expiration)

69
Q

Exam Review:
If the patient is able to stand what view best shows hemothorax in the right lung?

A

PA chest on expiration

70
Q

Exam Review:
What is the ideal positioning, technique, and breathing instruction for a below diaphragm rib x-ray?

A

patient supine
expose on expiration
70-80 kvp

71
Q

Exam Review:
What is the ideal positioning, technique, and breathing instructions for a above diaphragm x-ray?

A

patient erect
expose on inspiration
70-80 kvp

72
Q

Exam Review:
Why are upper ribs best taken erect?

A

allows gravity to lower the diaphragm even more

73
Q

Exam Review:
Why are lower ribs best taken supine?

A

allows for the diaphragm to raise higher and less thick abdomen

74
Q

Exam:
Why are ribs 11 & 12 considered floating ribs?

A

they are not connected anteriorly

75
Q

Exam:
What is the name of the posterior end of the rib?

A

vertebral end

76
Q

Exam:
What is the name of the anterior end of the ribs?

A

sternal end

77
Q

Exam:
The vertebral end sits ____ ____ inches _______ the sternal end

A

3-5 inches
higher

78
Q

Exam Review:
The ___________ _____ is the only articulation between the shoulder girdle (upper extremity) and the bony thorax

A

sternoclavicular joint

79
Q

Exam Review:
How much do we oblique for Sternum?
What position do we oblique in?
What is the CR?
What is the SID?
What is the breathing technique?

A

15-20 RAO oblique (LPO if not possible)
CR mid sternum (1 inch from midline)
SID 40-48 inches
shallow breathing (expiration if not possible)

80
Q

Exam Review:
What is the SID for Lateral sternum?
What is the CR?
What is the breathing technique?
What is the essential patient position for a better image?

A

72 SID
lateral border of mid-sternum
expose on inspiration
patients arms DRAWN back

81
Q

Exam Review:
What is the CR for PA sternoclavicular joints?
What is the breathing technique?
What is the SID?

A

T2-T3 (3 inches inferior to vertebral prominens)
expose on inspiration 40-inch SID (table top)

82
Q

Exam Review:
How much do we oblique for SC joints?
What position do we oblique in?
What is the CR?
Breathing technique?

A

10-15 degree oblique
RAO or LAO
T2-T3 1-2 inches lateral from Mid-sagital
expose on inspiration

83
Q

Exam Review:
Anterior bilateral ribs is what projection?
CR?
What is breathing technique?
Minimum SID? Ideal?

A

PA (side affect towards board)
T7
Above is inspiration
Below is expiration
40 inches
72 inches

84
Q

Exam Review:
Bilateral posterior lower ribs are what projection?
What is the CR?

A

AP projection
Mid-way between xiphoid process and lower rib margin

85
Q

Exam Review:
What are views for sternum? Oblique?
What are views for SC joints? Oblique?

A

Sternum: RAO (LPO) & Lat 15-20 oblique
SC: PA & LAO/RAO 10-15 oblique

86
Q
A
87
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q
A
90
Q
A

Donny Rad positioning 2 (8 decks)

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