Ch9 Antimicrobial Chemotheraphy

Question 1

Selective toxicity

Answer 1

Agent kills or inhibits pathogen while not damaging host cells and tissue

Question 2

Therapeutic index

Answer 2

Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose

Question 3

Semi synthetic product

Answer 3

Antibiotic or anti microbial agent whose structure is slightly modified ( chem groups altered)

Question 4

Spectrum of activity

Answer 4

Range of bac a compound is effective against

Question 5

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Answer 5

Lowest any that will prevent growth

Question 6

Narrow spectrum drugs

Answer 6

Effective against small range of pathogens

Question 7

Broad spectrum drug

Answer 7

Effective against a wide range of pathogens

Question 8

Kirby Bauer test

Answer 8

Filter paper disks w/ antibiotic placed over bacterial lawn. Clear area around = effective compound

Question 9

E test

Answer 9

Strip with gradient of antibiotic []. Shows MIC at the bottom of tear shaped zone

Question 10

Sulfonamides

Answer 10

Antimicrobial drug that inhibits folic acid synthesis by competing with PABA. Effective against bacteria and some protozoa

Question 11

Penicillin Cephalosporins Vancomycin

Answer 11

antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Cidal

Question 12

Disrupts cell wall synthesis

Answer 12

Targeting tranglycossylase (can’t attach Nag & Nam) and transpeptidase ( no cross link)

Question 13

Bac resistance to penicillin

Answer 13

Enzyme lactamase targets beta lactation ring

Question 14

Vancomycin

Answer 14

Drug of last resort for MRSA. Binds d Alanyl-d Alanyl site to prevent transpeptidase from forming cross link

Question 15

Targeting bacterial ribosomes

Answer 15

Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis

Question 16

Tetracyclines

Answer 16

Interfere with protein synthesis. Block/ distort A site so tRNA can’t bind Static

Question 17

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 17

Have four quinolone ring that bind DNA gyrase prevent its function, interferes with DNA synthesis (no rep). Cidal

Question 18

Sulfonamides

Answer 18

Interfere with folic acid synthesis by taking place of PABA blocking first step of folic acid synthesis

Question 19

Trimethoprim

Answer 19

Also block folic acid synthesis but at a later step

Question 20

Synergistic

Answer 20

Use of two drugs at once that allows lower doses of each to be used, block two steps of metabolic pathway.

Question 21

Acyclovir

Answer 21

Antiviral med. similar in structure to Guanosine, acts as chain terminator when it binds due to losing part of sugar ring