Ch 13 Bac Rep & Exp Flashcards
AUG
Start Codon
Stop Codons
UGA UAG UAA
Nonsense Codons
Stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA)
Sense codons
Codon that specifies an amino acid
Code degeneracy
There is more than one code for ea. AA ( up to 6)
Reading frame
The way codons in DNA and RNA are grouped to contain the coding message
Wobble
Loose pairing that allows for the third base pair in a codon to not match and still produce the same AA. Allows for fewer tRNA in the cell
Amino Acid Activation
Attaching amino acids to tRNA
Anticodon
3 bases on tRNA that are complimentary to the mRNA codon
3’ acceptor end
Where the AA is attached to the tRNA (CAA sequence)
aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
Enzyme that catalyzes AA activation
Ribosome binding site
Nucleotide sequences on mRNA where ribosome binds and begins translation
Initiator tRNA
tRNA that binds to the start codon at initiation of translation
30S initiation complex
Made of initiator tRNA, mRNA & 30S ribosomal subunit. Must form to start translation
16S rRNA
In the 30S subunit, binds the Shine-Dalgarno sequence to properly position the subunit for translation
Steps of initiator complex formation
16S region binds the Shine-Dalgarno seq—-> IF2 bind GTP and fMet-tRNA and guides to p site of subunit—>IF 1 binds 30S subunit releasing IF 3 ready for large subunit to bind
Griffith experiment
Heat killed virulent strain and live nonvirulent strain injected——> mouse dies and live virulent bac isolated (transformation)
Avery, MacLeod & McCarty
Showed that transformation was blocked only if DNA from virulent strain was destroyed
Hershey & Chase
Tagged protein capsule of bacteriophage w/ S35 and DNA w/ P32 and inoculated bac. In centrifuge protein cap is in supernatant and bac w/ dna is in pellet. Found P32 in pellet showing DNA was the genetic material
