ch.9 Flashcards
what is alcohol’s mechanism action in the brain
GABA a agonist and how it is metabolized
Hangover is what?
a withdrawal symptoms which may be brought on by congeners. Rate of metabolism doesn’t vary
how it alcohol made
fruit will ferment when it ripens which then produces alcohol which is a modified sugar produced by yeast
Where was the first to attempt to control alcohol
England
what period tried to impose taxes and laws but it didn’t work
Colonial period
What happened in the colonial period
tried to imposes taxes and laws but they didn’t work, whiskey tax caused whiskey rebellion and since water was impure, everyone drank alcoholic beverages
What year did the temperance societies start
1830s
Temperance societies
very persuasive, early temperance propaganda - 1846, by the 1850s some states were dry in that they prohibited the manufacture and sale of use of alcohol
What happened between 1907-1919, 34
states prohibited laws, were very very persuasive, and in 1918 the constitutional amendment was submitted and it was ratified in 1920, repeal was in 1933
How do you produce alcohol
yeast -> sugar -> CO2 -> ethynol
What did they do in England to try to control alcohol
religious edicts, limit the number of serving establishments, licensing, prohibition and taxes
What are the different types of alcohol
- Ethyl alcohol
- Methyl alcohol
- Isopropyl alcohol
- Octanol
when fermenting alcohol it can only reach what percent or proof after the yeast die
15% or 30 proof
If you want to get a higher concentration of fermentation you have to what?
distill
Your liver can metabolize about what oz/hr for alcohol
.2-.3 oz/hr
What is fatty liver syndrome
“DILI”
- liver uses fatty acids as fuels
- alcohol is used instead of lipids
- fat builds up in the liver cells until they burst and release lipids into the blood
- bad for cardiovascular system
withdrawal
hangover is a withdrawal symptoms which may be brought on congeners and rate of metabolism doesn’t vary
what are the 10 hangover cures
vitamins, tranquilizers, drink alcohol, oxygen, exercise, eat, drink something disgusting, don’t think about it, lie still.
Withdrawal from chronic use of alcohol and barbituates can cause shock and death. What are the day 1 symptoms
- tremors
- insomnia
- feeling unreality
- nausea
- vomiting
- fever
what are the Day 2 withdrawal symptoms of alcohol and barbituates
- delirium tremens, gross tremors and convulsions
- can use benzodiazepines as anticonvulsants
- breathing stops during the convulsions and can cause death
Cardio vascular effect of chronic use
- myocardial infarction- heart attack, blood supply to heart becomes occluded
- angia pectoris- moderately insufficient blood supply to the heart
- cardiomyopathy- heart muscle become less efficient
all can be due to fatty liver syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects
There are birth defects associated with drinking during pregnancy
1. cleft palate
2. heart disease
3. minimal brain dysfunction
peripherally effects
causes dilation of blood vessels so it seems like you are warmer but heat is really leaving the core of you body where you need it
centrally effects
another way of thinking about alcohol effects by considering what areas were effected
