Ch.8 Quality Flashcards
What is the process of quality management?
- Plan quality management
- Perform quality management
- Control quality
What are the key outputs of the plan quality management process?
- Quality management plan
- Quality metrics
- Quality checklist
- Process improvement plan
- Updates to project documents
What are the key output of the perform quality assurance process?
- Change request
- Updates to standards, processes, and quality systems (organizational process assets)
- Update to project management plan and project documents.
what are the key outputs of the control quality process?
- Quality control measurements
- Validated changes
- Work performance information
- Updates to project management plan and project documents
- Change requests
- Lessons learned (part of updates to organizational process assets)
- Verified deliverables
What is the definition of quality?
The degree to which the project fulfills requirements.
How quality differ from grade?
Whereas quality is the degree to which requirements are fulfilled, grade refers to a general category or calcifications for a deliverable or resources that indicates common function, but vary technical specifications.
What does gold plating mean?
Adding extra item and services to customer deliverables that do not necessarily contribute added value or quality
What is marginal analysis?
An analysis to determine when optimal quality is reached, to determine the point where incremental benefits or revenue from improving quality equals the incremental cost to secure it.
What is the process improvement plan?
A plan for analyzing the processes used on the project to improve them, looking for way to decrease defects, save time and money, and increate the customer satisfaction.
What is quality metrics?
Specific measures of quality to be used on the project in the perform quality assurance and control quality processes.
What does continuous improvements mean?
The ongoing enhancement of a project or services through small, continuous improvements in quality
How much inventory is maintained in a just in time (JIT) environment?
How does this affect attention to quality?
Little inventory is maintained
It forces attention to quality
What is ISO 9000?
International organization for standardization (ISO) quality standardization that help organizations ensure that they have quality procedures and are following them.
What is the definition of total quality management or TQM?
A comprehensive management philosophy that encourages companies to find ways to continuously improve the quality of business practices, products, and services at every level of the organization.
Why is prevention over inspection important?
Because the cost of avoiding or prevention mistakes is much less that the cost of correcting them.
What does “mutual exclusivity” mean?
Two events can not both occur in a signal trial
What is statistical independence?
The probability of event “B” occurring does not depend on even “A” occurring.
What is a normal distributing curve?
A symmetric bell-shaped frequency distribution curve used to measure variation
This is the most common probability distribution
What does sigma signify in a process?
What is another name for sigma?
How much variance from the mean has been established as permissible in a process
Standrad deviation
What do 3 sigma and 6 sigma refer to?
These are commonly used as quality standards
3 sigma: +/- 3 SD from the mean
6 sigma: +/- 6 SD from the mean
6 sigma is a higher quality SD than 3 sigma
What is the difference between a population and a sample?
Population: The total number of individual members, items or elements comprising a uniquely defined group
Sample: A statistically valid subset of population members
Who is responsible about the quality a project?
The project manager has the ultimate responsibility, plus the team should inspect their own work.
What are the impacts of poor quality?
- Increased cost
- Decreased profits
- Low morale
- Low customer satisfaction
- Increased risk
- Rework
- Schedule delays
What are examples of costs of conformance and costs nonconformance?
costs of conformance:
- Quality training
- Studies
- Surveys
- Efforts to ensure everyone knows the processes to sue to complete their work.
costs of nonconformance:
- Rework
- Scrap
- Inventory costs
- Warranty costs
- Lost business
