Ch.8/9 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Test Flashcards
What carries the chemical energy used for most cell processes?
ATP
When bonds are ______, usable energy is _______
broken - released
What makes up ATP?
3 phosphate groups
Energy is released when ___ turns into ____ and when a _____ _____ is removed
ATP - ADP - phosphate group
Use energy in sunlight to make organic food molecules (glucose)
producer (autotroph)
What types of organisms undergo photosynthesis?
Green plants, algae, some bacteria
Obtain energy by eating other organisms
consumer (heterotroph)
What organisms are heterotrophs?
Fungi, animals (you & I)
Captures energy from sunlight to make sugars
Photosynthesis
A molecule that absorbs light energy
Chlorophyll
Where is chlorophyll found?
In the chloroplasts. It is in the thylakoid
When would an organism perform chemosynthesis?
An organism that does not get sunlight performs chemosynthesis
What is chemosynthesis?
Chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. Used chemical energy instead of light energy
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In the chloroplast
What two parts of the chloroplast does photosynthesis occur in?
grana- stacks of thylakoids
stroma- fluid portion
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6h20 —–>(sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
CO2 (enters in stomata) and H2O (absorbed through roots; capillary action)
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
Colors range from red to violet
visible spectrum
Pigment in chloroplasts
chlorophyll
Reflects blue, absorbs red (see blue)
chlorophyll A
Absorbs blue, reflects red (see red)
chlorophyll B
Accessory pigments
Caretenoids
Use energy from sunlight to produce ATP; takes place in the thylakoids
Light dependent reaction
No light required; sugar is produced from carbon dioxide; takes place in stroma
Light independent reaction
Uses energy stored in sugar to make ATP; occurs in mitochondria
Cellular respiration
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose, oxygen (O2)
What are the products of cellular respiration?
ATP, water, carbon dioxide
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
What does aero mean?
requires oxygen
What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?
Gylcolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What is glycolysis? Where does it occur? How much ATP does it produce?
Occurs in the cytoplasm; glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate (2 3 carbon molecules); produces 2 ATP; does not require oxygen
What is the Kreb’s Cycle? Where does it occur? How much ATP does it produce?
Occurs in mitochondria; biochemical reactions to breakdown Acetyl CoA (enzyme)- produces CO2, H, and 2 ATP
What is the electron transport chain? Where does it occur? How much ATP does it produce?
Occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria; oxygen is used; water is given off; created 34 ATP
The _____ in photosynthesis are the same as the _____ of cellular respiration
reactants - products
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Photosynthesis- energy capture, happens in chloroplast, reactants are carbon dioxide and water, products glucose and oxygen
Cellular Respiration- energy release, happens in mitochondria, reactants are glucose and oxygen, products are carbon dioxide and water.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable
When does fermentation occur?
Occurs when oxygen is not available for cellular respiration. Does not produce ATP
When does fermentation allow glycolysis to continue making ATP?
When oxygen is unavaliable.
True or False: ferementation is used in food production.
True: cheeses, yogurt, and breads
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
Oxygen is absent!!
What are factors that affect photosynthesis?
Temperature, light intesnity, and water avaliablity
Reaction made possible by enzymes that function best between _____
0-35°C
What type of fermentation is carried out by muscles when working out (muscles need ATP but can’t get oxygen)?
Lactic acid fermentation
What is pyruvate converted to during alcoholic fermentation?
ethyl alcohol and CO2
What is pyruvate converted to during lactic acid fermentation?
lactic acid- causes muscle soreness and cramps
