Ch.3 Test Flashcards
Robert Hooke…
named cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek…
saw living organisms in a drop of water
Matthias Schleiden…
plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann…
animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow…
cell come from preexisting cells
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
What is the order of living things from most specific to most broad?
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ System-Organism
What are characteristics that all cells share?
Cells are microscopic
All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane
All cells are filled with cytoplasm
What are the 2 different kinds of cells?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic- Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic- No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles all are unicellular
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Supports and shapes cell, helps position and transport organelles, provides strength, assists in cell division, aids in cell movement
What is the function of the nucleus?
stores genetic info and controls cell activities
What is the function of the nucleolus?
produces ribosomes
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? (smooth and rough)
Involved in protein synthesis
Smooth- Produces lipid
Rough- Produces proteins
What is the function of ribosomes?
link amino acids to form proteins
What is the function of vesicles?
membrane bound sacs that hold material
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
package and sort proteins for transport
What is the function of mitochondria?
provide energy to the cell
What is the function of vacuoles?
hold materials
What is the function of lysosomes?
digest materials, such as old organelles
What is the function of centrioles?
help divide DNA
What is the function of the cell wall?
provide rigid support
What is the function of chloroplasts?
convert solar energy to chemical energy
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Two phospholipid layers
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Boundary between inside and outside of the cell
Controls passage of materials
What is passive transport? What are the two kinds of passive transport?
Doesn’t require energy, molecules move across the cell membrane. Two kinds- Diffusion, Osmosis
What is diffusion?
when molecules diffuse (follow) down a concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water molecules* across a semipermeable membrane*. Must involve water and membrane
What are the 3 types of osmosis?
Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
What is isotonic?
equal concentration-nothing happens
What is hypertonic?
higher concentration-water moves out of cell
What is hypotonic?
lower concentration-water moves into cell
What is facilitated diffusion?
diffusion through transport proteins-no energy required
What is active transport?
requires energy-materials going against concentration gradient through protein pumps
What is active transport powered by?
chemical energy (ATP)
What is endocytosis?
process of taking materials into cell (looks like membrane swallows it)
What is exocytosis?
process of expelling material from the cell (looks like membrane makes indent to let material out)
