Ch.3 Test

Question 1

Robert Hooke…

Answer 1

named cells

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek…

Answer 2

saw living organisms in a drop of water

Question 3

Matthias Schleiden…

Answer 3

plants are made of cells

Question 4

Theodor Schwann…

Answer 4

animals are made of cells

Question 5

Rudolf Virchow…

Answer 5

cell come from preexisting cells

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

Answer 6

All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 7

What is the order of living things from most specific to most broad?

Answer 7

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ System-Organism

Question 8

What are characteristics that all cells share?

Answer 8

Cells are microscopic
All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane
All cells are filled with cytoplasm

Question 9

What are the 2 different kinds of cells?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 10

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic- Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic- No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles all are unicellular

Question 11

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

Supports and shapes cell, helps position and transport organelles, provides strength, assists in cell division, aids in cell movement

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 12

stores genetic info and controls cell activities

Question 13

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 13

produces ribosomes

Question 14

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? (smooth and rough)

Answer 14

Involved in protein synthesis
Smooth- Produces lipid
Rough- Produces proteins

Question 15

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 15

link amino acids to form proteins

Question 16

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 16

membrane bound sacs that hold material

Question 17

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

package and sort proteins for transport

Question 18

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 18

provide energy to the cell

Question 19

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 19

hold materials

Question 20

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 20

digest materials, such as old organelles

Question 21

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 21

help divide DNA

Question 22

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 22

provide rigid support

Question 23

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 23

convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 24

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 24

Two phospholipid layers

Question 25

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Boundary between inside and outside of the cell | Controls passage of materials

Question 26

What is passive transport? What are the two kinds of passive transport?

Answer 26

Doesn't require energy, molecules move across the cell membrane. Two kinds- Diffusion, Osmosis

Question 27

What is diffusion?

Answer 27

when molecules diffuse (follow) down a concentration gradient

Question 28

What is osmosis?

Answer 28

the diffusion of water molecules* across a semipermeable membrane*. Must involve water and membrane

Question 29

What are the 3 types of osmosis?

Answer 29

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Question 30

What is isotonic?

Answer 30

equal concentration-nothing happens

Question 31

What is hypertonic?

Answer 31

higher concentration-water moves out of cell

Question 32

What is hypotonic?

Answer 32

lower concentration-water moves into cell

Question 33

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 33

diffusion through transport proteins-no energy required

Question 34

What is active transport?

Answer 34

requires energy-materials going against concentration gradient through protein pumps

Question 35

What is active transport powered by?

Answer 35

chemical energy (ATP)

Question 36

What is endocytosis?

Answer 36

process of taking materials into cell (looks like membrane swallows it)

Question 37

What is exocytosis?

Answer 37

process of expelling material from the cell (looks like membrane makes indent to let material out)