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Biology > Ch.3 Test > Flashcards

Ch.3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Robert Hooke…

A

named cells

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2
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek…

A

saw living organisms in a drop of water

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3
Q

Matthias Schleiden…

A

plants are made of cells

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4
Q

Theodor Schwann…

A

animals are made of cells

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5
Q

Rudolf Virchow…

A

cell come from preexisting cells

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

A

All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life

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7
Q

What is the order of living things from most specific to most broad?

A

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ System-Organism

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8
Q

What are characteristics that all cells share?

A

Cells are microscopic
All cells are enclosed by a cell membrane
All cells are filled with cytoplasm

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9
Q

What are the 2 different kinds of cells?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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10
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic- Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic- No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles all are unicellular

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11
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Supports and shapes cell, helps position and transport organelles, provides strength, assists in cell division, aids in cell movement

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12
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

stores genetic info and controls cell activities

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13
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

produces ribosomes

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14
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? (smooth and rough)

A

Involved in protein synthesis
Smooth- Produces lipid
Rough- Produces proteins

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15
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

link amino acids to form proteins

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16
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

membrane bound sacs that hold material

17
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

package and sort proteins for transport

18
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

provide energy to the cell

19
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

hold materials

20
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

digest materials, such as old organelles

21
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

help divide DNA

22
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

provide rigid support

23
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

convert solar energy to chemical energy

24
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Two phospholipid layers

25
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Boundary between inside and outside of the cell

Controls passage of materials

26
Q

What is passive transport? What are the two kinds of passive transport?

A

Doesn’t require energy, molecules move across the cell membrane. Two kinds- Diffusion, Osmosis

27
Q

What is diffusion?

A

when molecules diffuse (follow) down a concentration gradient

28
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water molecules* across a semipermeable membrane*. Must involve water and membrane

29
Q

What are the 3 types of osmosis?

A

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

30
Q

What is isotonic?

A

equal concentration-nothing happens

31
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

higher concentration-water moves out of cell

32
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

lower concentration-water moves into cell

33
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion through transport proteins-no energy required

34
Q

What is active transport?

A

requires energy-materials going against concentration gradient through protein pumps

35
Q

What is active transport powered by?

A

chemical energy (ATP)

36
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

process of taking materials into cell (looks like membrane swallows it)

37
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

process of expelling material from the cell (looks like membrane makes indent to let material out)

Biology (9 decks)

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