Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Ch.2 Test > Flashcards

Ch.2 Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The smallest basic unit of matter

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name subatomic particles and their charges

A

Proton-Positive
Neutron-Neutral
Electron-Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electrons in the outer ring of an element that are involved in bonding and give an atom its properties

A

Valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?

A

The number of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the atomic mass tell us about an atom?

A

The number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do isotopes still have the same properties as regular atoms?

A

Electrons are responsible for their properties and because their number of electrons does not change, neither does their properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A _____ is made of different elements bonded together.

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do ions form?

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A positive ion has gained/lost electrons

A

lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A negative ion has gained/lost electrons

A

gained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ bonds form between oppositely charges ions

A

Ionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ bonds forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

A

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When 2 or more atoms are held together by covalent bonds, they are referred to as a ______

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

Cohesion, adhesion, less dense when solid, expands when it freezes, high specific heat, polar, forms hydrogen bonds, universal solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ bonds form between slightly positive and slightly negative atoms

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Unequal distribution of charge; unequal pull of electrons that the molecule shares

A

Polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is high specific heat?

A

Water can resist temperature changes. This is important for maintaining homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Water molecules can stick to other water molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water molecules can stick to other things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Tendency of water to be drawn up a narrow tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ is formed when one substance dissolves in another

A

A solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The substance that is present in the greater amount, dissolves the other

A

Solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The substance that dissolves in the other substance

A

Solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does pH stand for>

A

Power of hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

On the pH scale, what number is neutral?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Numbers above 7 are _______

A

Bases

30
Q

Numbers below 7 are _______

A

Acids

31
Q

The farther away you get from 7 (either direction), the ____ the acid or base gets

A

Stronger

32
Q

Acids form ____ ions

A

H+

33
Q

Bases from ___ ions

A

H-

34
Q

Acids have a ____ taste

A

sour (think of lemon)

35
Q

Bases have a _____ taste

A

bitter (think of B for bitter)

36
Q

Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changed in pH

A

Buffers

37
Q

What are the 4 major macromolecules of life?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

38
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

39
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Break down to provide energy (ATP)

40
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars (glucose)

41
Q

What are lipids composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen

42
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Plan B for energy, create hormones and cell membranes

43
Q

What are some examples of lipids?

A

Fats, oils, cholesterol

44
Q

Phospholipids make up ___ _____

A

cell membranes

45
Q

The head of a phospholipid is ____ or ____ _____

A

hydrophilic; water loving

46
Q

The tail of a phospholipid is ______ or _____ _____

A

hydrophobic or water fearing

47
Q

What are proteins composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

48
Q

What are the monomers of proteins?

A

Amino acids

49
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

They change the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy

50
Q

Proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy are called…

A

Enzymes

51
Q

Proteins differ in the number and order of ____ _____

A

amino acids

52
Q

What are nucleic acids composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

53
Q

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

54
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Sugar, phosphorus, nitrogenous base

55
Q

What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

56
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

DNA-store genetic information

RNA-makes proteins

57
Q

What are the 4 forms of energy?

A

Chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical

58
Q

Change substances into different ones by breaking and forming chemical bonds

A

Chemical reaction

59
Q

What are the 2 parts of a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants and products

60
Q

Change during a chemical reaction

A

reactants

61
Q

Made during a chemical reaction

A

products

62
Q

Energy is _____ to break a bond

A

added

63
Q

Energy is ____ when bonds form

A

released

64
Q

The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

65
Q

Release more energy than they absorb

A

Exothermic reactions. On graph, total energy released is below the starting amount

66
Q

Absorb more energy than they release

A

Endothermic reactions. On graph, total energy released is above starting amount

67
Q

Enzyme is a a _____

A

Catalyst

68
Q

Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

A

Catalyst

69
Q

Disruption of _____ can interrupt enzyme function

A

homeostasis

70
Q

Change in temperature or pH would _____ and not allow it to function

A

break the hydrogen bonds

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions