Ch7 and 8 - HH Flashcards
What are the stages of the human lifespan and their timeframe
- Pre-natal – fertilisation to birth
- Infancy – birth to 2nd birthday
- Early childhood – 2 to 6th birthday
- Late childhood – 6 to 12th birthday
- Youth – 12 to 18th birthday
- Early adulthood 18 to 40th birthday
- Middle adulthood 40 to 65th birthday
- Late adulthood – 65 to death
What are 2 characteristics of both infancy and youth
Infancy: By time have turned 2 have developed motor skills and can walk and use simple words and is a period of rapid growth with many changes
Youth: Rapid growth and sexual maturity
Physical development definition
Refers to changes that occur in the body and its systems. These changes can be changes in size (growth), complexity (increase in complexity of nervous system) and motor skills (learning to walk).
Social development definition
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with others. It includes behaviours (table manners), social roles (friend), relationship skills (conflict resolution) and communication skills (oral communication).
Emotional development definition
The development of the full range of emotions and the optimal way of dealing with and expressing them as well as the development of self-concept and resilience.
Intellectual development definition
The development of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge and memory. Occur as a result of the changing processes that occur within the brain and the changing complexity of the brain.
Physical development changes from youth to adulthood
- Growth
- girl will gain 16cm and 16kg
- boy will gain 20cm and 20kg - Changes to body systems
- Primary sex characteristics (parts of body directly involved in reproduction). Eg: first ovulation, first period, penis enlarges
- Secondary sex characteristics (changes that occur during puberty but are not directly involved with reproduction). Eg: pubic hair, breasts, deeper voice - Motor skill development
- by end of puberty arms and legs are proportionate to rest of body and coordination improves
- extra strength and endurance gained during puberty increase ability to carry out many motor skills in adulthood
Social development changes from youth to adulthood
- Behaviours
- peer group influential (can influence formation of identity, and cloning, etc)
- become less dependent on parents and spend more time with peers to strive for ow independence - Social roles and expectations
- will gain paid employment for first time (develops role of employee)
- intimate relationships develop role of boyfriend/girlfriend - Communication skills
- types of interactions that occur give youth greater freedom and treated more like adults which results in increased communication skills
- peer groups can include members of opposite sex which can improve communication skills and provide opportunities for new relationships - Relationship skills
- by gaining independence they often learn they are responsible for own actions and consequences (make more of their own decisions)
- towards end of youth and into adulthood individual would of developed clearer sexual identity and may be looking for a serious relationship
Emotional development changes from youth to adulthood
- Self concept
- have a deeper undertaking of who they are as people which influences their sense of identity
- may become more comfortable with themselves and become more concerned with who they are as a person - Experiencing the full range of emotions
- seek emotional independence (might try to solve own problems instead of consulting with parents)
- might seek intimacy and affection within relationships so can experience feelings of love and lust and learn ways to express them appropriately - Learning appropriate ways of expressing emotions
- older youth understand approbate ways of expressing emotions and will be able to adequately express their feelings in words, which helps to regulate their emotions. - Building resilience
- developed coping strategies
- use positive self talk to overcome disappointment for example
Intellectual development changes from youth to adulthood
- Knowledge and memory
- during transition to adulthood youth focus more on future which may guide development of knowledge (choosing subjects in school needed for uni)
- may implement strategies to assist in recalling information such as association - Language
- ability to remember words and what they mean develop which increases skills relating to vocal, grammar and language use
- language is developed through experiences such as reading - Thought patterns and problem solving
- youth begin to see ‘grey’ areas in problems instead of just black and white therefore abstract thought develops
- ability to create hypothetical solutions and evaluate the best options develops - Creativity and imagination
- increase in knowledge and thought patterns can work to promote creativity and imagination
- Creativity and imagination can contribute to the development of new ideas and innovations in their areas of interest such as career or hobbies
What are positive perceptions of youth
- seen as vibrant and happy
- seen as hard working
- the romanticised belief that these years are the best of a persons life
What are negative perceptions of youth
- are lazy and narcissistic
- they lack maturity of past generations
What are positive perceptions of adults
- are wise and experienced as are seen as source of information and expertise because of their years of life experience
- they are seen as responsible and contribute to society by being productively employed
What are negative perceptions of adults
- they are bad drivers
- they complain a lot
- they are a burden on the health system
List the types of relationships
- family
- professional
- friendships
- intimate
- online
- teachers/coaches/mentors
