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IS201 > CH6 > Flashcards

CH6 Flashcards

1
Q

an organized collection of data.

A

database

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2
Q

is a group of programs that manipulate the database, and provides an interface between the database and its users and other application programs.

A

Database management system (DBMS)

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3
Q

T/F: Even without data and the ability to process it, an organization could successfully complete most business activities.

A

false, could not.

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4
Q

data consists of raw ____.

A

facts

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5
Q

data must be ______________ to transform it into useful information

A

organized in a meaningful way

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6
Q

a ____ represents a citcuit that is either on or off.

A

bit (binary digit)

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7
Q

T/F: a byte is made up of four bits.

A

false, eight bits.

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8
Q

each byte represents a _____.

A

character

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9
Q

a name, number or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity.

A

field

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10
Q

a collection of related data fields.

A

record

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11
Q

a collection of related records.

A

file

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12
Q

a collection of integrated and related files.

A

database

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13
Q

bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases.

A

hierarchy of data

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14
Q

What is the hierarchy of data? (database/files/records/fields/byte)

A

database > files > records > fields > byte

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15
Q

a person, place, or thing for which data is collected, stored and maintained.

A

entity

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16
Q

a characteristic of an entity.

A

attribute

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17
Q

the specific value of an attribute.

A

data item

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18
Q

a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record.

A

primary key

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19
Q

In a (traditional/database) approach to data management, information systems share a pool of related data.

A

database

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20
Q

In a (traditional/database) approach to data management, each distinct operational system used data files dedicated to that system.

A

traditional

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21
Q

In a database approach to data management, the ability to _____ data and information resources is offered.

A

share

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22
Q

In a database approach to data management, a ________ is required.

A

database management system (DBMS)

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23
Q

Summarize in 3 point the Database approach to data management.

A
  • Information systems share a pool of related data
  • Offers the ability to share data and information resources
  • A database management system (DBMS) is required
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24
Q

What are considerations when building a database (name 6 points)

A

access, security, archiving, content, logical structure, physical organization.

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25
Q

a diagram of data entities and their relationships.

A

data model.

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26
Q

data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise.

A

enterprise data modeling

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27
Q

data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data.

A

entity-relationship (ER) diagrams.

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28
Q

a simple but highly useful way to organize data into collections of two-dimensional tables called relations.

A

relational model

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29
Q

In a relational model, each row in the table represents an _____. And each column represents an _____________.

A

entity, attribute of that entity.

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30
Q

a range of allowable values for a data attribute.

A

domain

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31
Q

eliminating rows according to certain criteria.

A

selecting

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32
Q

eliminating columns in a table.

A

projecting.

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33
Q

combining two or more tables.

A

joining

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34
Q

combining two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes.

A

linking.

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35
Q

also called data cleaning or data scrubbing

A

data cleansing

36
Q

the process of detecting and then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, irrelevant records that reside in a database.

A

data cleansing

37
Q

T/F: the cost of performing data cleansing is inexpensive.

A

false, it can be quite high.

38
Q

T/F: data cleaning is much like data validation.

A

false, it is different from data validation.

39
Q

involves the identification of “bad data” and its rejection at the time of data entry.

A

data validation.

40
Q

T/F: creating and implementing the right database system ensures that the database will support both business activites and goals.

A

T

41
Q

T/F: capabilities and types of database systems are restricted.

A

false, they vary considerably

42
Q

a special purpose programming language for accessing and manipulating data stored in a relational database.

A

SQL

43
Q

SQL databases conform to ________ properties.

A

ACID

44
Q

ACID properties include:

A

atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability.

45
Q

1986: ______ was adopted by ANSI as the standard query language for relational databases.

A

SQL

46
Q

the standard query language for relational databases.

A

SQL

47
Q

Database activites (List 4 points):

A
  • providing a user view of the database
  • adding and modifying data
  • storing and retrieving data
  • manipulating the data and generating reports
48
Q

a description of the entire database

A

schema

49
Q

T/F: a schema can be part of the database or a separate schema file.

A

true

50
Q

the DBMS can reference a _______ to find where to access the requested data in relation to another piece of data.

A

schema

51
Q

DDL

A

Data definition language

52
Q

a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and realtionships in a specific database.

A

data definition language (DDL)

53
Q

_____ allows the database’s creator to describe data and relationships that are to be contained in the schema.

A

DDL

54
Q

a detailed description of all the data used in the database.

A

data dictionary

55
Q

can also include a description of data flows, information about the way records are organized, and the data-processing requirements.

A

data dictionary

56
Q

when an application needs data, it requests the data through the _______.

A

DBMS

57
Q

______________ deals with the situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time.

A

concurrency controls

58
Q

DML

A

Data manipulation language

59
Q

a specific lanuage provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports.

A

Data manipulation language (DML)

60
Q

A ______ can produce a wide variety of documents, reports, and other output that can help organizations achieve their goals.

A

DBMS

61
Q

skilled and trained IS professionals who applies database progrmaming languages to craft a set of databases to meet those needs.

A

Database administrators (DBAs)

62
Q

T/F: the data administrator can be a high-level position reporting to top-level managers.

A

true

63
Q

a nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues.

A

data administrator

64
Q

List 3 things a database administrator (DBA) does.

A
  • test and evaluates databases.
  • works with users to define their data needs.
  • assures that data is secure from unauthorized access.
65
Q

DBA

A

Database Adminstrator

66
Q

database adminstrators implement changes to improve their ________ performance.

A

databases’

67
Q

T/F: Some of the data issues that a DBA is responsible for implementing consistent principles for is setting data standards and data definitions that apply across ALL the databases in an organization.

A

true

68
Q

DaaS

A

Database as a Service

69
Q

a database which is stored on a service provider’s servers.

A

Database as a service (DaaS)

70
Q

DaaS is accessed by the client over a ________.

A

network, typically the internet

71
Q

T/F: The database adminstration is handed by the user in a DaaS.

A

false, it is handled by the service provider.

72
Q

List 3 popular database management systems:

A
  • DaaS
73
Q

Amazon relational database service (Amazon RDS) is an example of __________.

A

DaaS

74
Q

extremely large and complex data collections that traditional data management software, hardware, analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them.

A

big data

75
Q

the three characteristics of big data are: _________, _______, and ______.

A

volume, velocity, and variety.

76
Q

adverstising and marketing agencies track comments on social media is an example of _______.

A

big data uses

77
Q

hospitals analyze medical data and patient records is an example of _______.

A

big data uses

78
Q

a large database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise in support of management decision making.

A

data warehouse

79
Q

provides a means to store and retrieve data that is modeled using some means other than the simple two-dimensional tabular relations used in relational databases.

A

NoSQL database

80
Q

T/F: NoSQL databases require a predefined schema.

A

false, they do not require a predefined schema

81
Q

In NoSQL databases, data structures are more ______ and can provide improved access _____ and _______.

A

flexible, speed and redundancy

82
Q

The ability to spread data over multiple servers so that each server contains only a subset of the total data is an advantage of:

A

NoSQL databases

83
Q

Name 3 advantages of NoSQL databases.

A
  • they do not require a predefined schema
  • their data structures are more flexible
  • they have the ability to spread data over mulitple servers.
84
Q

an open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets.

A

Hadoop

85
Q

The two primary components of Hadoop include: A ___________ component (MapReduce), and a ______________ (Hadoop distributed File System, HDFS)

A

data processing, distributed file system.

86
Q

T/F: Data modeling is a key aspect of organizing data and information.

A

true

87
Q

T/F:the database approach to data management has become broadly accepted

A

true

IS201 (17 decks)

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