CH.5- Data base systems, data centers, business intelligence

Question 1

Database

Answer 1

• Database: organized collection of data.

- Helps organization achieve its goals.

Question 2

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Answer 2

-Database management systems (DBMS):

• group of programs that manipulate database
• interface between the database –>users–>programs

Question 3

Database administrator (DBA)

Answer 3

• skilled IS professional
• directs all activities related to database.—-> a person
• Like a security guard

Question 4

Character

Answer 4

basic building block of most information, consisting of :
		○ upper case letters,
		○  lower case letters, 
		○ numeric digits, 
		○ special symbols

Characters put together = field

Question 5

Field

Answer 5

-Collection of characters with meaning.

○ a name, number or combination of characters

Question 6

Record

Answer 6

-collection of related data fields all related to one object, activity, individual.

Question 7

File

Answer 7

-Collection of related records.

I.e employee file is a collection of all company employee records

Question 8

Hierarchy of data

Answer 8

(at bottom) bits => characters => fields =>records,

=>files, => databases (at top)

Question 9

Entity

Answer 9

Grouping similar items.
○ general class of ppl, places, things for which data collected, stored, maintained.
○ i.e employees, investory, customers

Question 10

Attribute

Answer 10

• Attribute: Characteristic of an entity.

○ Employee 1st name, last name, hire date,department number are attributes for an employee

Question 11

Data Item

Answer 11

specific value of an attribute

Question 12

Key

Answer 12

field or set of fields in a record used to identify the record

Question 13

Primary Key

Answer 13

field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record (I.e an item number)
• No other record can have the same primary key

Question 14

Traditional approach to data mgmt

Database approach to data mgmt

Answer 14

traditional: used data files dedicated to that system

Database approach: pool of related data shared by variety of information systems

Question 15

Data Centre

• Traditional
• Modular

Answer 15

climate controlled building/set of bldgs that keep database servers and systems

• Traditional- rows
• Modular- shipping Containers

Question 16

Planned database redundancy

Answer 16

way of organizing data so that logical database design altered so that certain data entities combined, summary totals carried in the data record instead of calculated from elemental data, some data attributes repeated in more than one data entity to improve database performance.

Question 17

Data Model

Answer 17

diagram of entities and their relationships

Question 18

Entity relationship diagram (ER)

Answer 18

Data model ,uses graphical symbols to show organization of + relationships between data

	○ Boxes = data items or entities 
	○ Diamonds = relationships betwen data items and entities
	○ ER diagrams show data items in tables (entities ) and how they are related

Question 19

Relational Model

Answer 19

• database model that describes data,

- all data placed in 2 dimensional tables (relations) –>logical equivalent of files

Question 20

Domain

Answer 20

Allowable values for data attributes

Question 21

Querying relational data model:

Answer 21

• SELECTING
• PROJECTING
• JOINING
• LINKING

Question 22

Querying relational data model: Selecting

Answer 22

Manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain data (i.e eliminate all rows except the one with the data u need)

Question 23

Querying relational data model: Projecting

Answer 23

Manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table (i.e eliminate all columns except the one with the data u need)

Question 24

Querying relational data model: Joining

Answer 24

combining 2 or more tables

Question 25

Querying relational data model: Linking

Answer 25

Linking tables with common attributes

Question 26

Data clean up

Answer 26

process of looking for and fixing inconsistencies to ensure data is accurate and complete

Question 27

Flat File

Answer 27

Simple data base program whose records have no relationship to one another -store and manipulate single table or file

Question 28

Single User

Answer 28

database installed on personal computer for single user

Question 29

Multiple Users

Answer 29

Allows dozens or hundreds of ppl to access the same database system at same time

Question 30

Schema

Answer 30

description of entire database

Question 31

Data definition Language

Answer 31

instructions + commands to define and describe data and relationships in database

Question 32

Data dictionary

Answer 32

detailed description of all the data used in the database

Question 33

Concurrency Controls

Answer 33

2 or more users or applications need to access same record at same time

Question 34

Data manipulation language (DML)

Answer 34

language provided with DBMS that allows users to: -access and modify the data, - make querries, a - generate

Question 35

Structured query language (SQL)

Answer 35

STANDARD QUERY LANGUAGE FOR RELATIONAL DATABASES

Question 36

DATABASE OUTPUT

Answer 36

a database application that offers sophisticated formatting and optimization options to produce the right information in the right format.

Question 37

database administrator (DBA)

Answer 37

role is to plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases

Question 38

DATA ADMINISTRATOR

Answer 38

- non technical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues - Incl setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all databases in org. - Work with business managers to identify who should have read or update access to certain databases.