ch.10 Information and Decision support systems Flashcards
1
Q
Decision Making phase- 3 stages
A
- Intelligence
- Decision
- Choice
2
Q
Intelligence stage
A
Stage 1
-identify and define potential problems/opportunities
3
Q
Decision stage
A
Stage 2
- develop alternative solutions
- evaluate the feasibility
4
Q
Choice stage
A
selecting course of action
5
Q
Problem solving
A
- goes beyond decision making
- include implementation stage
6
Q
Implementation stage
A
solution put in to effect
7
Q
Monitoring stage
A
decision makers evaluate the implementation (feedback and adjustment)
8
Q
Programmed Decisions
A
decision made using:
- rule,
- procedure,
- quantitative method
9
Q
non-programmed decision
A
unusual or exceptional situations
- unique characteristics that standard rules or procedures may not work
10
Q
FINDING A SOLUTION
A
- Optimization model
- satisficing Model
- Heuristics
11
Q
Optimization Model
A
Finds the best solution
12
Q
Satisficing Model
A
Will find a good solution- but NOT BEST solution- it simply satisfies the problem
13
Q
Heuristics Model
A
Commonly accepted guidelines + procedures usually find a good solution-
-RULE OF THUMB
14
Q
Performace to benefits
A
Increased performance has POSiTIVE IMPACT on benefits
15
Q
Cost to benefits
A
Increased cost has NEGATIVE IMPACT on benefits
16
Q
Types of reports (5)
1. S
2. K
3. D
4. E
5. DD
A
- Scheduled report
- Key Indicator report
- demand report
- exception report
- Drill down report
17
Q
Scheduled report
A
Produced regularly– daily- weekly- monthly, etc…
18
Q
Key Indicator report
A
Summary of the days critical activities
19
Q
Demand report
A
Produced on demand, when info requested
20
Q
Exception report
A
Automatically produced when something unusual or out of ordinary occurs + requires mgmt attention
21
Q
Drill down report
A
Provides increasingly detailed data about situation
22
Q
MIS
A
Management Information System
23
Q
Financial MIS
A
financial info for executives and broader set of ppl that need to make better decisions
24
Q
Profit centre
A
Department within org focused on generating profits
25
revenue Centre
Division of org that generates sales/revenue
26
Cost centres
Departments in org that do not directly generate revenue
27
Auditing
Ananlyzing financial conditions to determine if fin. stmt and reports are accurate
28
Internal auditing
done by individuals WITHING the company
29
External auditing
Done by individuals OUTSIDE the company
30
Economic order quantity (EOQ)
Quantity that should be re-ordered to minimize total inventory costs
31
Re-order point (ROP)
critical inventory quantity level
32
Material Requirements Planning (MRP)
Set of imventory control techniques
| -help co-ordinate thousands of inventory items when demand for one item depends on demand for another
33
Just in time Inventory (JIT)
inventory/materials DELIVERED just before they are needed
34
cOMPUTER ASSISTED MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Directly controls manufacturing equipment
35
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Computers link components of production process in to effective system
36
Flexible Manufacturing system (FMS)
Allows manufactruing facilities to quickly and efficiently change from making one product to anohter
37
Quality control
Ensures finsihed product meets customer needs
38
Marketing MIS
information system that supports managerial activities of product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promo effectiveness, sales forecasting
39
Human resources MIS (hrmis)
Concerned with activities related to previous, current, potential employees of or-- alos called prsonnel MIS
40
Geographic Information system, (GIS)
computer system capable of assembling , storing, manipulating, displaying, geographic information-- data identified by its lcoation
41
decision support system (dss)
organized collection of ppl. procedures, software, databases. devices used to help make decisions.
42
Ad hoc DSS
Deals with situations/decisions that come up only a few times in life of org
43
Support for various problem structures:
- Highly structured problems
- Semi structured/unstructured
- Highly structured problems: straightyforwasrd, require known facts ad relationship
- Semi structured/Unstructured: more complex problems, relationships among the pieces of data not always clear, data might be in variety of formats, and often difficult to manipulate or obtain.
44
Dialogue manager
user interface that allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate DSS and use common business terms and phrases
45
Data driven DSS
Primarily performs qualitative analysis based on companys database
46
Model base
provides decision makers access to variety of models adn aissts them in decision making
47
Model driven DSS
Primarily perfoms mathematical or qualitative analysis
48
Model management software (MMS)
Coordinates the use of models in DSS
49
Group support systems (GSS )
sw application that consists of most elements in DSS + SW to provide effectiove support in group decision making
50
Decision making support
- Delphi approach
- brainstorming
- Group concensus approach
- nominal group technique
51
Delphi approach
Group decision makers geographically dispersed
| -encourages diversity, fosters creativity and original thinking
52
Brainstorming
members offer ideas " off the top of their heads"
53
Group Concensus approachj
forces member to reach unanimous decision
54
Nominal group technique
-feedback from group members, final decision made by voting
55
Group think
members of a group might assume they have made the right decision without examining alternatives
56
Parallel commication
can speed meeting times and result in better decisions
57
Unified communication
ties together and integrates various communications systems, incl traditional phones, cellphones, email, text, internet.
58
GSS software
helps with joiny work groip scheduling, communication, mgmt
| -Often called " groupware" or "workgroup software"
59
Shared electronic calendar
used to coordinate meetings and schedules for decision making team
60
GSS Alternatives
-Decision room
| Virtual groups
61
DECISION ROOM
room that supports decision making with the decision makers in same building, combining face to face verbal interaction with technology to make the meeting more effective and efficient.
62
lOCAL AREA DECISION
group members located in the same building or geographoc area and group deision making is frequent
63
tELECONFERENCING
used when decision freq. low,
| -location of group members distant.
64
wIDE ARE DECISION NETWORK
decision freq. high,
○ but location of group members distnat,
○ allows ppl to work in Virtual groups.
65
Virtual groups
teams of ppl located around the world working on common problems
66
Executive support system (ESS)
specialized DSS that incl all hardware, SW, data, procedures, and ppl used to assist senior level executives.
67
Strategic planning
determining long term objectives by analyzing strengths and weaknesses of organization, predicting future trends, projecting the development of new product lines
68
Decision Making as a component of problem solving
| (5 STAGES TOTAL-3 DECISION, 2 PROBLEM
- Decision making stages:
1. Intelligence
2. Decision
3. Choice
- Problem solving stages:
4. Implementation
5. Monitoring
69
Decision Making as a component of problem solving (DETAIL)
Decision making stages:
1. Intelligence -IDENTIFY/DEFINE
2. Decision- ALTERNATIVES/FEASABILITY
3. Choice - ACTION
- Problem solving stages:
4. Implementation- EFFECT
5. Monitoring -EVALUATE IMPLEMENTATION
