ch.11- Knowledge mgmt and specialized information systems Flashcards
Chief knowledge office (CKO)
- top level exec
- Helps org use KMS to create, store, use knowledge
- Responsible for org. kms
Artificial Intelligence systems
ppl. Procedures, hardware, software, data, knowledge, needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence
Intelligent behaviour
-ability to learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from those experiences
○ Handle complex situations
○ Solve problems when important info missing
○ Determine what is important and react quickly + correctly to a new situation
○ Understand visual images, process, manipulate symbols
○ Be creative and imaginative
○ Use heuristics
Turing test
attempts to determine whether responses from computer with intelligent behavior are indistinguishable from responses from human being
Brain computer interface (BCI)
directly connect human brain to computer and have human thought control computer activities
Expert systems
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THAT STORES KNOWLEDGE AND MAKES INFERENCES
Robotics
-mechanical or computer devices
○ Perform tasks req high degree of precision/ that are tedious or hazardous to ppl.
○ Word “robot” comes from 1920’s play- word robota-
○ Robots used to do the 3 d’s- dull, dirty, dangerous jobs
Vision systems
hardware software that allow computers to capture , store, manipulate visual images
- ○ Effective at identifying ppl based on facial features
Voice recognition
converts sound waves in t words
Learning systems
combination of software ,
○ allows computer to change how it functions/ how reacts in situations based on feedback rec’d.
○ Some computerized games have learning abilities- if computer doesn’t win game- remembers not to do same things again.
Learning systems
combination of software ,
○ allows computer to change how it functions/ how reacts in situations based on feedback rec’d.
○ Some computerized games have learning abilities- if computer doesn’t win game- remembers not to do same things again.
Reinforcement learning
learning system involving sequential decisions with learning taking place between each decision.
- sophisticated computer programing and optimization techniques
- makes decision, analyzes results, then makes better decision next time.
dynamic programming
repeated until it is impossible to make improvements in decision.
neural network
computer system that can simulate functioning of human brain
○ Uses massively parallel processors in architecture based on human brains own mesh like structure
§ Simulates neural network using standard computers
§ Can process many pieces of data at same time + learn to recognize patterns.
Genetic algororithim
an approach to solving large, complex problems, where many related operations or models change and evolve until best one found
○ Based on theory of evolution
1. Variation
2. Natural selection
○ First step is to change parts of program or combining different program segments in to new program
§ Mimic evolution of species
○ Second step: sect only best Models/algorithms that continue to evolve
§ Programs/program segments that are not as good are discarded
○ This continues until genetic algorithm gives best possible solution to original problem.
Genetic algoriithim cont’d
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Intelligent agent
programs and knowledge base used to perform specific task for person, proess, another program
○ Also called intelligent robot or bot
Knowledge base
-collection of data , rules, procedures, relationships that must be followed to achieve value or proper outcome
○ Natural extension of database and information and decision support system
○ Must be developed for each unique application
Rule
conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes
○ i.,e if-then statements
if-then stmts
rules that suggest certain conclusions
Inference engine
part of expert system that seeks information and relationships from knowledgebase
○ Provides answers, suggestions, similar to way human does
EXPLANATION FACILITY
component of expert system that allows user/decision maker to understand how the expert system, reached conclusion/result.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION FACILITY
part of expert system that provides convenient, efficient way of capturing + storing all components of KB
○ Easy to use menus
After entering appropriate attributes, knowledge acquisition facility correctly stores information and relationships in knowledge base making the knowledge base easier and less expensive to set up and maintain.
DOMAIN EXPERT
person or group with expertise or knowledge for the expert system
