ch.11- Knowledge mgmt and specialized information systems

Question 1

Chief knowledge office (CKO)

Answer 1

• top level exec
• Helps org use KMS to create, store, use knowledge
• Responsible for org. kms

Question 2

Artificial Intelligence systems

Answer 2

ppl. Procedures, hardware, software, data, knowledge, needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence

Question 3

Intelligent behaviour

Answer 3

-ability to learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from those experiences
○ Handle complex situations
○ Solve problems when important info missing
○ Determine what is important and react quickly + correctly to a new situation
○ Understand visual images, process, manipulate symbols
○ Be creative and imaginative
○ Use heuristics

Question 4

Turing test

Answer 4

attempts to determine whether responses from computer with intelligent behavior are indistinguishable from responses from human being

Question 5

Brain computer interface (BCI)

Answer 5

directly connect human brain to computer and have human thought control computer activities

Question 6

Expert systems

Answer 6

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THAT STORES KNOWLEDGE AND MAKES INFERENCES

Question 7

Robotics

Answer 7

-mechanical or computer devices
○ Perform tasks req high degree of precision/ that are tedious or hazardous to ppl.
○ Word “robot” comes from 1920’s play- word robota-
○ Robots used to do the 3 d’s- dull, dirty, dangerous jobs

Question 8

Vision systems

Answer 8

hardware software that allow computers to capture , store, manipulate visual images
- ○ Effective at identifying ppl based on facial features

Question 9

Voice recognition

Answer 9

converts sound waves in t words

Question 10

Learning systems

Answer 10

combination of software ,
○ allows computer to change how it functions/ how reacts in situations based on feedback rec’d.
○ Some computerized games have learning abilities- if computer doesn’t win game- remembers not to do same things again.

Question 11

Learning systems

Answer 11

combination of software ,
○ allows computer to change how it functions/ how reacts in situations based on feedback rec’d.
○ Some computerized games have learning abilities- if computer doesn’t win game- remembers not to do same things again.

Question 12

Reinforcement learning

Answer 12

learning system involving sequential decisions with learning taking place between each decision.

• sophisticated computer programing and optimization techniques
• makes decision, analyzes results, then makes better decision next time.

Question 13

dynamic programming

Answer 13

repeated until it is impossible to make improvements in decision.

Question 14

neural network

Answer 14

computer system that can simulate functioning of human brain
○ Uses massively parallel processors in architecture based on human brains own mesh like structure
§ Simulates neural network using standard computers
§ Can process many pieces of data at same time + learn to recognize patterns.

Question 15

Genetic algororithim

Answer 15

an approach to solving large, complex problems, where many related operations or models change and evolve until best one found
○ Based on theory of evolution
1. Variation
2. Natural selection
○ First step is to change parts of program or combining different program segments in to new program
§ Mimic evolution of species
○ Second step: sect only best Models/algorithms that continue to evolve
§ Programs/program segments that are not as good are discarded
○ This continues until genetic algorithm gives best possible solution to original problem.

Question 16

Genetic algoriithim cont’d

Answer 16

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Question 17

Intelligent agent

Answer 17

programs and knowledge base used to perform specific task for person, proess, another program
○ Also called intelligent robot or bot

Question 18

Knowledge base

Answer 18

-collection of data , rules, procedures, relationships that must be followed to achieve value or proper outcome
○ Natural extension of database and information and decision support system
○ Must be developed for each unique application

Question 19

Rule

Answer 19

conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes
○ i.,e if-then statements

Question 20

if-then stmts

Answer 20

rules that suggest certain conclusions

Question 21

Inference engine

Answer 21

part of expert system that seeks information and relationships from knowledgebase
○ Provides answers, suggestions, similar to way human does

Question 22

EXPLANATION FACILITY

Answer 22

component of expert system that allows user/decision maker to understand how the expert system, reached conclusion/result.

Question 23

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION FACILITY

Answer 23

part of expert system that provides convenient, efficient way of capturing + storing all components of KB
○ Easy to use menus

After entering appropriate attributes, knowledge acquisition facility correctly stores information and relationships in knowledge base making the knowledge base easier and less expensive to set up and maintain.

Question 24

DOMAIN EXPERT

Answer 24

person or group with expertise or knowledge for the expert system

Question 25

KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER

Answer 25

person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, maintenance of expert system

Question 26

KNOWLEDGE USER

Answer 26

person or group who uses and benefits from expert system

Question 27

MULTIMEDIA

Answer 27

text, graphics, video, animation, audio, other media that can be used to help org. efficiently and effectively achieve its goals

Question 28

VIRTUAL REALITY

Answer 28

term originally referred to immersive virtual reality”- user becomes fully immersed in artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by computer.

Question 29

VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEM

Answer 29

• enables one or more users to move and react in computer simulated environment.
• special interface devices transmit signals sounds sensations of simulated environment.
• record and send speech and movements of participants to simulation program. Allows user to sense and manipulate virtual objects

Question 30

Augmented reality

Answer 30

Can superimpose digital data over real photo/images

Question 31

game theory

Answer 31

use of information systems to develop competitive strategies for ppl, organizations, countries

Question 32

Informatics

Answer 32

specialized system that combines traditional disciplines like science, medicine, with computer systems and technology