Ch.4 Health and Illness Flashcards
Describe how the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health
“a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Discuss the difference between values and beliefs, and list health beliefs common among Americans
Values are ideals that a person feels are important (e.g, knowledge, wealth, financial security, marital fidelity, health.
Beliefs are concepts that a person holds to be true.
Beliefs and values guide a person’s actions.
Most Americans believe that
Health is a resource
Health is a right
Health is a personal responsibility
Explain the concept of holism
Holism is a concept that considers all aspects of a person.
Determines how “whole” or well a person feels.
(The sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health)
Any change in one component , positive or negative, automatically creates repercussions in the others.
Identify the five levels of human needs
Physiological Needs Safety and Security Needs Love and Belonging Needs Esteem and Self-Esteem Needs Self-Actualization Needs
Define illness and terms used to describe illness.
Illness is a state of being unhealthy when disease, deterioration, or injury impairs a person’s well-being.
Several terms are used commonly when referring to illnesses:
Morbidity Mortality Acute Chronic Terminal Primary and Secondary Remission Exacerbation Hereditary Congenital Idiopathic
Differentiate primary, secondary, tertiary, and extended care
Primary care: Usually given by a family practice physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant in an office or clinic
Secondary care: Referral from primary caregivers for consultation and additional testing
Tertiary care: Health services provided at hospitals or medical centers where complex technology and specialists are available
Extended care: Services that meet the health needs of clients who no longer require acute hospital care; includes rehabilitation, skilled nursing care in a person’s home or a nursing home, and hospice care
Name programs that help finance health care for the aged, disabled, and low-income population
Medicare Parts (A,B)
Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage)
Medicare Part D
Medicaid
List methods for control escalating health care costs.
A prospective payment system uses financial incentives to decrease total health care charges by reimbursing hospitals on a fixed rate basis.
Reimbursement is based on the diagnostic-related group (DRG) (a classification system used to group clients with similar diagnoses).
Identify national health goals targeted for the year 2030.
Increase the proportion of people with health insurance.
In the health professions, allied and associated health professions, and nursing, increase the proportion of all degrees awarded to members of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.
Increase the proportion of health and wellness and treatment programs and facilities that provide full access for people with disabilities.
Reduce the number of new cases of cancer as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer.
Reduce infections caused by key foodborne pathogens.
Improve visual and hearing health nationally through prevention, early detection, treatment, and rehabilitation (HealthyPeople.gov, 2019).
Discuss methods that nurses use to administer client care.
Functional Nursing (a pattern in which each nurse is assigned specific tasks).
The case method (a pattern in which one nurse manages all the care a client or group of clients need for a designated period of time) should not be confused with managed care, which is discussed later.
Team Nursing (a pattern in which nursing personnel divide the clients into groups and complete their care together) is organized and directed by a nurse called the team leader.
In primary nursing (a pattern in which the admitting nurse assumes responsibility for planning client care and evaluating the client’s progress), the primary nurse may delegate the client’s care to someone else in his or her absence but is consulted when new problems develop or the plan of care requires
modifications.
Nurse-managed care (a pattern in which a nurse manager plans the nursing care of clients based on their type of case or medical diagnosis).
Abraham Maslow is a psychologist who identified five levels of human needs and grouped them into a(n) ____________.
Hierarchy
The sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health is called ____________.
Holism
The term ____________ denotes the number of people who died from a particular disease or condition.
Mortality
A disorder acquired from the genetic codes of one or both parents is called a(n) ____________ condition.
Hereditary
Health services provided by the first health care professional or agency a person contacts is called ____________ care.
Primary
WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or ____________
Infirmity
____________ refers to incidence of a specific disease, disorder, or injury and the rate or numbers of people affected.
Morbidity
A foot ulcer that develops in a patient who has uncontrolled diabetes is an example of a(n) ____________ illness.
Secondary
____________ is a federal program that finances health care costs of persons 65 years and older, permanently disabled workers of any age and their dependents, and those with end-stage renal disease.
Medicare
The nursing care pattern in which nursing personnel divide clients into groups and complete their care together is called ____________ nursing.
Team
Identify and label the figure.
The figure represents holism as a concept that considers the sum of the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health of a person.
List the components of holism that determine how “whole” or well a person feels.
The components of holism that determine how “whole” or well a person feels are physical, mental, social, and spiritual.
How are the components of holism related to each other?
The components of holism are interrelated; if a person is physically ill, the affect can be seen in their social, mental, and spiritual well-being as well.
Label the figure to indicate members of the nursing team.
The nursing team
