Ch.23 Body Mechanics

Question 1

The consequences of inactivity are collectively referred to as the ____________ syndrome.

Answer 1

Disuse

Question 2

Good posture distributes ____________ through the center of the body over a wide base of support.

Answer 2

Gravity

Question 3

Muscle ____________ occur more often when muscles are strained and forced to work beyond their capacity.

Answer 3

Spasms

Question 4

____________ is a specialty field of engineering science devoted to promoting comfort, performance, and health in the workplace.

Answer 4

Ergonomics

Question 5

Placing a bed in a slight ____________ position may help keep the client from sliding down toward the foot of the bed.

Answer 5

Trendelenburg

Question 6

____________ refers to moving a client from the bed to a chair, toilet, or stretcher and back to the bed again.

Answer 6

Transfer

Question 7

____________ are the bony protrusions at the head of the femur near the hip.

Answer 7

Trochanters

Question 8

Foot drop hinders ____________ because it interferes with a person’s ability to place the heel on the floor.

Answer 8

Ambulation

Question 9

What is the picture depicting?

Answer 9

The figure shows a good standing posture.

Question 10

What are its benefits?

Answer 10

A good posture, whether in a standing, sitting, or lying position, distributes gravity through the center of the body. It affects a person’s appearance, stamina, and ability to use the musculoskeletal system efficiently.

Question 11

What is the patient wearing and what is the purpose?

Answer 11

The figure shows protective boots to avoid foot drop.

Question 12

What is this device used for?

Answer 12

Footboards, boots, and splints are devices that prevent foot drop by keeping the feet in a functional position.

Question 13

Contains inflated air sacs within the mattress

Answer 13

Low air loss bed

Question 14

Contains a collection of tiny beads within a mattress cover

Answer 14

Air-fluidized bed

Question 15

Slowly and continuously rocks the client from side to side in a 124-degree arc

Answer 15

Oscillating Support

Question 16

The client is sandwiched between the anterior and posterior frames in a 180-degree arc

Answer 16

Circular bed

Question 17

Presented here, in random order, are steps in using a transfer board to transfer a client from a bed to a chair. Write the correct sequence in the boxes provided.

1. Angle the transfer board from the client’s buttocks and hips down toward the seat of the chair.
2. Slide the client down the transfer board into the seat of the chair at an agreed-upon signal.
3. Remove an arm from the wheelchair and slide the client to the edge of the bed.
4. Support and brace the client’s knee with your knees while maintaining proper body mechanics.
5. Position the transfer board beneath the client.

Answer 17

3. Remove an arm from the wheelchair and slide the client to the edge of the bed.
4. Angle the transfer board from the client’s buttocks and hips down toward the seat of the chair.
5. Position the transfer board beneath the client.
6. Support and brace the client’s knee with your knees while maintaining proper body mechanics.
7. Slide the client down the transfer board into the seat of the chair at an agreed-upon signal.

Question 18

How is a good sitting posture maintained?

Answer 18

In a good sitting position, the buttocks and upper thighs become the base of support. Both feet rest on the floor. The knees are bent, with the posterior of the knee free from the edge of the chair to avoid interfering with distal circulation.

Question 19

What are the benefits of maintaining good body mechanics?

Answer 19

The use of proper body mechanics increases muscle effectiveness, reduces fatigue, and helps to avoid repetitive strain injuries that result from cumulative trauma to musculoskeletal structures.

Question 20

What causes ergonomic hazards to health care workers?

Answer 20

Health care workers are vulnerable to ergonomic hazards in the workplace as a direct consequence of lifting clients, reaching and lifting with loads far from the body, twisting while lifting, unexpected changes in load demand during the lift, reaching low or high to begin a lift, and moving or carrying a load at significant distance.

Question 21

What are the potential problems of an air-fluidized bed?

Answer 21

In an air-fluidized bed, fluid balance in the client may become a problem because of the accelerated evaporation caused by the warm, blowing air.

Puncturing or tearing the mattress is also a potential problem.

Question 22

What are the effects of immobility faced by older adults?

Answer 22

By the seventh or eighth decade of life, muscle strength, endurance, and coordination decline. Older adults need to maintain as much mobility as possible to prevent disability.

Question 23

A nurse is caring for a senior client with a fractured leg following a fall. When caring for this client, the nurse should take precautions to prevent injuries to themselves.

What care should the nurse take before planning to turn and move the client?

Answer 23

Before planning to turn and move the client, the nurse should assess the client and the situation as follows:

• Assess for risk factors that may contribute to inactivity.
• Determine the time of the client’s last position change.
• Assess their own physical, mental, and emotional ability to assist in turning, positioning, or moving.
• Inspect for drainage tubes and equipment.

Question 24

What should the nurse do as part of planning to move the client?

Answer 24

As part of planning before moving the client, the nurse should consider the following:

• Explain the procedure to the client. .3
• Remove all pillows and current positioning devices.
• Raise the bed to a suitable working height (elbow height).
• Secure two or three additional caregivers, positioning and moving devices (e.g., roller sheets, repositioning sling, mechanical lift), or both if the client cannot assist.
• Close the door or draw the bedside curtain.