Ch.1 Nursing Foundations

Question 1

Florence Nightingale started the first training school for nurses at ______________ hospital in England.

Answer 1

Saint Thomas

Question 2

In 1890, one of the first courses for training “attendants for the sick” was begun in New York by the Brooklyn Young Women’s Christian Association. These attendants became what is known as today’s ______________ nurses.

Answer 2

Practical

Question 3

The development of a unique scientific body of knowledge predicting the best nursing interventions to produce desired outcome is referred to as ______________.

Answer 3

Evidence-based practice

Question 4

The ability to perform an act skillfully or the _________of nursing was the focus of the first nurse training by mentors.

Answer 4

Art

Question 5

The word ______________ comes from a Greek word that means “vision” and refers to an opinion, belief, or view that explains a process.

Answer 5

Theory

Question 6

One tenet of the self-care theory developed by ______________ is that nurses assist clients with self-care to improve or maintain health.

Answer 6

Dorothea Orem

Question 7

______________ are a vital link between the registered nurse and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP).

Answer 7

Practical Nurses

Question 8

______________ programs are considered a stepping stone to associate and baccalaureate nursing degrees.

Answer 8

Practical Nurse

Question 9

Nurses with a ______________ degree usually are preferred in areas requiring substantial independent decision-making, such as hospital administrative positions, out-client care centers, and public health and home health nursing.

Answer 9

Baccalaureate

Question 10

A(n) ______________ is one who listens to a client’s needs, responds with information based on their area of expertise, and facilitates the outcome that a client desires.

Answer 10

Counselor

Question 11

What are the educational options available in a nursing career?

Answer 11

There are two basic educational options available for a nursing career: practical or vocational nursing and registered nursing.
Several types of programs prepare graduates in registered nursing.
Each educational track provides the knowledge and skills for a particular entry level of practice.

Question 12

What are the factors that affect the choice of a nursing program?

Answer 12

The factors that affect the choice of a nursing program are as follows:

Career goals
Geographic location of schools
Costs involved Length of programs
Reputation and success of graduates
Flexibility in course scheduling
Opportunity for part-time versus full-time enrollment Ease of movement into the next level of education

Question 13

What skill is being demonstarted by the nurse?

A nurse takes the vital signs of clients in an acute care facility

Answer 13

Assessment Skills

Question 14

A nurse listens to the concerns of a new mother whose baby was born with a cleft palate

Answer 14

Caring Skills

Question 15

A nurse helps a client diagnosed with anorexia to devise a nutritious meal plan

Answer 15

Counseling Skills

Question 16

What skill is this nurse demonstrating?

A nurse assists a senior client with grooming

Answer 16

Comforting Skills

Question 17

Write the correct sequence of the line of authority and delegation of work in a nursing unit in the boxes provided.

1. Registered nurse
2. Unlicensed assistive personnel
3. Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
4. Physician

Answer 17

4. Physician
5. Registered nurse
6. Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
7. Unlicensed assistive personnel

Question 18

The following are accomplishments of Florence Nightingale. Arrange the events in chronological order in the boxes provided.

1. Florence Nightingale establishes a training school for nurses in England.
2. Florence Nightingale works with the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances.
3. Florence Nightingale works with nursing deaconesses, a Protestant order of women.
4. Florence Nightingale provides nursing care to soldiers during the Crimean War.

Answer 18

3. Florence Nightingale works with nursing deaconesses, a Protestant order of women.
4. Florence Nightingale works with the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances.
5. Florence Nightingale provides nursing care to soldiers during the Crimean War.
6. Florence Nightingale establishes a training school for nurses in England.

Question 19

What selection criteria were established by Dorothea Lynde Dix for recruitment of nurses?

Answer 19

In 1862, Dorothea Lynde Dix established the following selection criteria for nurses. Applicants were to be:

• 35 to 50 years old
• Matronly and plain looking
• Educated Neat,
• Orderly
• Sober
• Industrious
• Serious disposition

Question 20

What is the definition of nursing according to Virginia Henderson?

Answer 20

According to Virginia Henderson, “the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he could perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge; and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.”

Question 21

According to the ANA, what are the six essential features that characterize nursing?

Answer 21

According to the ANA, the six essential features that characterize nursing are the following:

• Provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing
• Attention to the range of human experiences and responses to health and illness within the physical and social environments
• Integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an appreciation of the client’s or group’s subjective experience
• Application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment through the use of judgment and critical thinking
• Advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry
• Influence on social and public policy to promote social justice

Question 22

What are the factors that influence the choice of a nursing program?

Answer 22

The factors that influence the choice of a nursing program are career goals, geographic location of schools, costs involved, length of programs, reputation and success of graduates, flexibility in course scheduling, opportunity for part-time versus full-time enrollment, and ease of movement into the next level of education.

Question 23

What are the guidelines to be kept in mind while delegating nursing tasks to staff members?

Answer 23

The guidelines to be kept in mind while delegating nursing tasks to staff members are right task, right circumstance, right person, right directions and communication, and right supervision and evaluation.

Question 24

An 8-year-old with a tapeworm infection visits their primary care doctor along with their mother. The mother is worried that her child seems to be weak and is not gaining weight.

What nursing skills should the nurse use to provide effective nursing care to this client?

Answer 24

The nurse should use counseling skills to provide effective nursing care to this client.

The nurse should try to understand the client’s concerns by implementing active listening skills, thereby encouraging the client to express their problems.

The nurse may then provide the client with required health teaching and education.

Question 25

What are the advantages of active listening in communicating with a client?

Answer 25

Active listening is the skill of demonstrating full attention to what is being said, hearing both the content being communicated and the unspoken message.

The most important advantage of active listening is that it facilitates therapeutic interactions.

Giving clients the opportunity to be heard helps them to organize their thoughts and to evaluate their situation more realistically.