Ch.17 Hygiene

Question 1

____________ protects the layers and structures within the lower portions of the skin.

Answer 1

Keratin

Question 2

____________ is a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist.

Answer 2

Mucus

Question 3

As the jaw grows, the ____________ teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.

Answer 3

Deciduous

Question 4

The combination of sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel and cause ____________.

Answer 4

Caries

Question 5

A contact lens is a small plastic disk placed directly on the ____________ of the eye.

Answer 5

Cornea

Question 6

Oral hygiene consists of those practices used to clean the ____________.

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

A podiatrist undergoes special training in caring for the ____________.

Answer 7

Feet

Question 8

Older adults are more susceptible to impacted ____________, a common cause of hearing loss.

Answer 8

Cerumen

Question 9

A(n) ____________ is a person who prescribes corrective lenses.

Answer 9

Optometrist

Question 10

The ____________ layer separates the skin from skeletal muscles.

Answer 10

Subcutaneous

Question 11

Identify and label the figure

Answer 11

The figure shows a cross-section of the skin.

Question 12

What are the functions of the various layers in the figure?

Answer 12

The functions of the different layers of the skin are as follows:

• The epidermis contains dead skin cells that form a tough protein called keratin, which protects the layers and structures within the lower portions of the skin.
• The dermis contains most of the secretory glands.
• The subcutaneous layer separates the skin from skeletal muscles. It contains fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, and the roots of hair follicles and glands.

Question 13

Identify and label the figure

Answer 13

The figure shows a cross-section of a tooth.

Question 14

List three common problems associated with this part of the body.

Answer 14

Some common problems associated with the teeth are caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.

Question 15

Placed directly on the cornea

Answer 15

Contact Lenses

Question 16

Reduces the potential of getting infected

Answer 16

Bathing

Question 17

Removes plaque

Answer 17

Flossing

Question 18

Regulates body temperature

Answer 18

Skin

Question 19

Removes unwanted body hair

Answer 19

Shaving

Question 20

Presented here, in random order, are steps that a nurse takes when providing nail care for clients. Write the correct sequence in the boxes provided.

1. Push cuticles downward with a soft towel.
2. Soak the hands or feet in warm water.
3. Use a handheld electric rotary file to reduce the length of long fingernails or toenails.
4. Clean under the nails with a wooden orange stick.
5. Check with the client’s physician before cutting fingernails or toenails.

Answer 20

5. Check with the client’s physician before cutting fingernails or toenails.
6. Soak the hands or feet in warm water.
7. Clean under the nails with a wooden orange stick.
8. Push cuticles downward with a soft towel.
9. Use a handheld electric rotary file to reduce the length of long fingernails or toenails.

Question 21

How should the nurse provide oral care for an unconscious client?

Answer 21

Toothbrushing is the preferred technique for providing oral hygiene to unconscious clients. In addition to toothbrushing, the nurse can also moisten and refresh the client’s mouth with oral swabs.

Question 22

What is a partial bath?

Answer 22

A partial bath is washing only those body areas subject to greatest soiling or that are sources of body odor, such as the face, hands, axillae, and perineal area.

Partial bathing is done at a sink or with a basin at the bedside.

Question 23

What are the four important functions of the skin?

Answer 23

The five main functions of the skin are to

• Protect inner body structures from injury and infection.
• Regulate body temperature.
• Maintain fluid and chemical balance.
• Provide sensory information such as pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.
• Assist in converting precursors to vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.

Question 24

What care should the nurse take when grooming a client’s hair?

Answer 24

When grooming a client’s hair, the nurse should

• Try to use a hairstyle the client prefers.
• Brush the hair slowly and carefully to avoid damaging the hair.
• Brush the hair to increase circulation and distribution of sebum.
• Use a wide-toothed comb, starting at the ends of the hair rather than from the crown downward, especially if the hair is matted or tangled.
• Apply a conditioner or alcohol to loosen tangles.
• Use oil on the hair if it is dry.
• Many preparations are available, but pure castor oil, olive oil, and mineral oil are satisfactory.
• Braid the hair to help prevent tangles.
• If hair loss occurs from cancer therapy or some other disease or medical treatment, provide the client with a turban or baseball cap.
• Avoid using hairpins or clips that may injure the scalp.
• Obtain the client’s or family’s permission before cutting the hair if it is hopelessly tangled and cutting seems to be the only solution to provide adequate grooming.

Question 25

What care should the nurse take when caring for the client’s eyeglasses?

Answer 25

When cleaning eyeglasses, the nurse should

• Hold the eyeglasses by the nose or ear braces.
• Run tepid water over both sides of the lenses (hot water damages plastic lenses).
• Wash the lenses with soap or detergent.
• Rinse with running tap water.
• Dry with a clean, soft cloth such as a handkerchief.
• Avoid use of paper tissues because some contain wood fibers and pulp can scratch the lenses.

Question 26

A nurse is caring for a senior client who has undergone rectal surgery. The client is averse to bathing daily. The nurse needs to ensure that body areas subject to greatest soiling or that are sources of body odor are cleaned and infections do not occur.

What kind of bath should the nurse suggest to the client?

Answer 26

The nurse can suggest the client undergo partial bathing.

A partial bath means washing only those body areas subject to greatest soiling or that are sources of body odor: generally the face, hands, axillae, and perineal area.

Partial bathing is done at a sink or with a basin at the bedside.

Question 27

What care should the nurse take when providing perineal care to the client?

Answer 27

When providing perineal care, the nurse must:

• Prevent direct contact between themselves and any secretions or excretions by wearing clean gloves.
• Clean so that they remove secretions and excretions from less soiled to more soiled areas.
• Use these principles to help prevent the transfer of infectious microorganisms to the nurse and to uncontaminated areas on or within the client.