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Nanju > Ch36 UPPER GI TRACT DRUGS > Flashcards

Ch36 UPPER GI TRACT DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

What is amylase

A

A enzyme that breaks down carbs

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2
Q

What are gastric secretions primarily regulated by

A

By the parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Where is vomiting of the GI contents controlled

A

By the vomit center in the medulla of the brain, additionally the VC can be stimulated when the chemoreceptor trigger zone is stimulated

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4
Q

What is GERD

A

Allows stomach acid to back up into the esophagus

The 4 major symptoms are heartburn,regurgitation, dysphasia, and waterbrash

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5
Q

What is H pylori

A

A gram negative spiral bacterium that weakens the protective mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum

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6
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease

A

Is a general term that refers to ulcer formation in the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum

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7
Q

What is pancreatitis

A

Occurs when digestive enzymes production is reduced or no longer occurs

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8
Q

What is nausea and vomiting controlled by

A

It is caused by stimulation of the chemoreceptors in the brain and GI tract

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9
Q

What are proton pump inhibitors

A

Omerprazole ( Prilosec)
It blocks the final step of gastric acid production
It is used for the treatment of heartburn and GERD

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10
Q

What are adverse effects of Omerprazole ( Prilosec)

A

Headache

Diarrhea

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11
Q

What is a important culture trait to remember when administering Prilosec

A

Longer duration in Asians

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12
Q

When elderly clients are prescribed Omerprazole, what supplement should be suggested

A

Suggest calcium citrate supplementation for elderly patients on long term therapy

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13
Q

When should Omerprazole be taken

A

One hour before meals

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14
Q

What are histamine-2 receptor antagonists

A

They block the effect of histamine at the H2 receptors in the parietal cells of the stomach. This action inhibits gastric acid secretion in all phases and other secretions caused by histamine.
They also reduce the volume and concentration of gastric secretions.

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15
Q

What is the prototype H-2 receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine ( Zantac)

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16
Q

What is ranitidine used for,

A

Treatment of ulcers

It inhibits both daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretions

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17
Q

What are adverse effects of ranitidine

A

Headache, blood count changes, GI effects, hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed hepatitis

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18
Q

How can one minimize adverse effects of ranitidine

A

Monitor serum trough levels in patients with renal failure or hepatic impairment
Administer ranitidine IV slowly to prevent hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias

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19
Q

What are antacids

A

Drugs that increase the gastric pH
They are used for various upper GI disorders, including symptoms of GERD, esophagitis, hiatal hernia, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease.
They are composed of inorganic salts

20
Q

What is the prototype antacid drug

A

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide ( maaolx, mylanta)

21
Q

What is aluminum Hydroxide used for

A

It relieves symptoms assoc with GERD

It raises the gastric pH in the stomach and duodenal bulb

22
Q

Aluminum hydroxide is contraindicated in who

A

Caution In patients with recent massive GI bleed

23
Q

What are adverse effects of aluminum hydroxide

A

Osteomalacia. Encephalopathy, and rebound gastric acid production

24
Q

How can one minimize adverse effects of aluminum hydroxide

A

Administer 2 hours after other drugs to prevent drug interactions
Caution patients not to take the maximum dose for longer than 2 weeks

25
Q

What is the most serious adverse effect of aluminum hydroxide

A

Electrolyte imbalance

26
Q

What are pro kinetic agents

A

They increase the effects of acetylcholine on the GI system
Acetylcholine is responsible for normal GI function
Pro kinetic agents increase peristalsis and gastric emptying

27
Q

What is the prototype pro kinetic drug

A

Metoclopramide ( reglan)

28
Q

What does metoclopramide do

A

It relieves symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis

29
Q

What are contraindications of metoclopramide

A

GI hemmorrhage, perforation, or mechanical obstruction

30
Q

What are adverse effects of metoclopramide

A

Restlessness, drowsiness, depression, insomnia, headache, anxiety, dizziness, and confusion.

31
Q

What are drug interactions of metoclopramide

A

Levodopa, anticholinergics, And narcotics

32
Q

What can one do to maximize therapeutic effects of metoclopramide

A

Give oral doses 30 minutes before each meal

Do not administer metoclopramide with ANTICHOLINERGIC drugs

33
Q

What are digestive enzymes

A

They are responsible for breaking down food into forms that can be easily absorbed in the GI tract

34
Q

What is the prototype digestive enzyme

A

Pan relapse ( pancreas MT, viokase, cream, lipram,pancrecarb, panocaps)

35
Q

What is the digestive enzyme pancrelipase used for

A

Replacement therapy for patients with deficient exocrine pancreatic secretions.

36
Q

What does pancrelipase contain

A

Lipase, protease, and amylase which are responsible for the final phase of digestion

37
Q

What are adverse effects of pancrelipase

A

Nausea
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea

38
Q

What are drug interactions of pancrelipase

A

Antacids calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, iron preparations

39
Q

How often should pancrelipase be administered

A

Every time the person eats

40
Q

Pancrelipase is contraindicated in who

A

People allergic to pork

41
Q

What are lipase inhibitors

A

Used specifically for long term weight reduction

42
Q

What is the prototype lipase inhibitor

A

Orlistat ( Xenical)

43
Q

What does orlistat ( Xenical) do

A

Manages obesity

44
Q

How can one maximize the therapeutic effects of orlistat ( Xenical)

A

Take with all meals that contain fat

45
Q

How can one minimize adverse effects of orlistat

A

Advise to take a multivitamin that contains fat soluble vitamins to,prevent imbalances fro drug therapy

Nanju (15 decks)

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