Ch 39

Question 1

How do penicillins work

Answer 1

They bind to the bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell lysis and cell death

Question 2

What are penicillins classified as

Answer 2

Narrow spectrum

Question 3

What is the prototype penicillin

Answer 3

Penicillin G

Question 4

What are the Pharmacotherapeutics of penicillin G

Answer 4

Treats infections caused by susceptible gram positive bacteria

Question 5

How is penicillin G administered

Answer 5

IM
IV
Excreted in the kidneys

Question 6

What are the pharmacodynamics of penicillin G

Answer 6

It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 7

What are contraindications to penicillin G

Answer 7

Known allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or imipenem

Question 8

What are adverse effects of penicillin G

Answer 8

SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, NEUROTOXICITY, NEPHROPATHY, GI UPSET, RASH, FEVER, WHEEZING, POSSIBLE ANAPHYLAXIS AND DEATH

High doses cause hyperkalemia

Question 9

What should you not drink while on penicillin G therapy

Answer 9

OJ

Question 10

While on penicillin G therapy, what should the patient be educated to report to the provider

Answer 10

Report signs of yeast infection; sore mouth, white patches,diarrhea, vaginal discharge and itching

Question 11

What should the nurse assess for when administering penicillin G therapy

Answer 11

Observe for hypersensitivity and signs of respiratory distress ( 5-30 min)
DC IMMEDIATELY

Question 12

How should penicillin G be administered

Answer 12

On an empty stomach
1 hr before meals or 2 hours after
Amoxicillin can be taken with food

It can be administered intramuscularly, or intravenously

Question 13

Name some broad spectrum penicillins

Answer 13

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Question 14

What are extended penicillins

Answer 14

Pipercillin

Carbenecillin

Question 15

Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin are combined to form what drug

Answer 15

Augmentin

Question 16

What 2 drugs are considered penicillinase’- resistant penicillins

Answer 16

Methicillin

Nafcillin

Question 17

What are uses of cefazolin ( Ancef, kefzol)

Answer 17

Treats UTIs
Gram negative bacterial meningitis 
Multiple resistant gram negative infections
Abdominal and pelvic infections
Surgical prophylaxis

• compare to penicillins these drugs are less active gram positive and more active against gram negative

Question 18

3 rd generation cephalosporins are the only drug that can do what

Answer 18

Penetrate the blood brain barrier sufficiently to treat CNS infections

Question 19

What route can cefepime ( Maxipime ) be administered

Answer 19

IM or IV

Question 20

What does cefazolin do

Answer 20

It treats many kinds of infections

Question 21

What are contraindications of cefazolin therapy

Answer 21

Known allergies to cephalosporins

Question 22

What are adverse effects of cephalosporins

Answer 22

Maculopapular rash, GI symptoms , headache, dizziness, lethargy, paraesthesias, and nephrotoxicity

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis ocassionally

Fungal infection of the mouth or vagina

Question 23

How should oral suspensions of cefazolin be stored

Answer 23

In the refrigerator

Question 24

Are 1st generation cephalosporins effective against gram negative bacteria

Answer 24

No, they have little affect against gram negative bacteria….as the generations increase the have better results.

Question 25

Vancomycin facts

Answer 25

Is the drug in its class
The use of vancomycin is limited by its ability to produce toxic effects.
Vancomycin is used only when other antibiotics fail
It is been touted that it eradicated most gram positive pathogens

Question 26

What are the Pharmacotherapeutics of vancomycin

Answer 26

Treating bacterial septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint pain
MRSA, D-DIFF, PNEUMONIA AND STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

Question 27

What are penicillins used to treat

Answer 27

Streptococcal pharyngitis
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Endocarditis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Syphllis
Gonnorhea