Ch 39 Flashcards
How do penicillins work
They bind to the bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell lysis and cell death
What are penicillins classified as
Narrow spectrum
What is the prototype penicillin
Penicillin G
What are the Pharmacotherapeutics of penicillin G
Treats infections caused by susceptible gram positive bacteria
How is penicillin G administered
IM
IV
Excreted in the kidneys
What are the pharmacodynamics of penicillin G
It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis
What are contraindications to penicillin G
Known allergies to penicillins, cephalosporins, or imipenem
What are adverse effects of penicillin G
SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, NEUROTOXICITY, NEPHROPATHY, GI UPSET, RASH, FEVER, WHEEZING, POSSIBLE ANAPHYLAXIS AND DEATH
High doses cause hyperkalemia
What should you not drink while on penicillin G therapy
OJ
While on penicillin G therapy, what should the patient be educated to report to the provider
Report signs of yeast infection; sore mouth, white patches,diarrhea, vaginal discharge and itching
What should the nurse assess for when administering penicillin G therapy
Observe for hypersensitivity and signs of respiratory distress ( 5-30 min)
DC IMMEDIATELY
How should penicillin G be administered
On an empty stomach
1 hr before meals or 2 hours after
Amoxicillin can be taken with food
It can be administered intramuscularly, or intravenously
Name some broad spectrum penicillins
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
What are extended penicillins
Pipercillin
Carbenecillin
Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin are combined to form what drug
Augmentin
What 2 drugs are considered penicillinase’- resistant penicillins
Methicillin
Nafcillin
What are uses of cefazolin ( Ancef, kefzol)
Treats UTIs Gram negative bacterial meningitis Multiple resistant gram negative infections Abdominal and pelvic infections Surgical prophylaxis
- compare to penicillins these drugs are less active gram positive and more active against gram negative
3 rd generation cephalosporins are the only drug that can do what
Penetrate the blood brain barrier sufficiently to treat CNS infections
What route can cefepime ( Maxipime ) be administered
IM or IV
What does cefazolin do
It treats many kinds of infections
What are contraindications of cefazolin therapy
Known allergies to cephalosporins
What are adverse effects of cephalosporins
Maculopapular rash, GI symptoms , headache, dizziness, lethargy, paraesthesias, and nephrotoxicity
Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis ocassionally
Fungal infection of the mouth or vagina
How should oral suspensions of cefazolin be stored
In the refrigerator
Are 1st generation cephalosporins effective against gram negative bacteria
No, they have little affect against gram negative bacteria….as the generations increase the have better results.
Vancomycin facts
Is the drug in its class
The use of vancomycin is limited by its ability to produce toxic effects.
Vancomycin is used only when other antibiotics fail
It is been touted that it eradicated most gram positive pathogens
What are the Pharmacotherapeutics of vancomycin
Treating bacterial septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint pain
MRSA, D-DIFF, PNEUMONIA AND STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
What are penicillins used to treat
Streptococcal pharyngitis Pneumococcal pneumonia Endocarditis Meningitis Otitis media Sinusitis Syphllis Gonnorhea
