Ch 28 lipid level

Question 0

What are serum lipids

Answer 0

Fats found in the blood stream

Question 1

What is the optimal lipid level ( LDL)

Answer 1

100

Question 2

What are lipids

Answer 2

Cholesterol
Cholesterol esters ( compounds)
They are transported in the blood as part of large molecules among the lipids in the bloodstream and in all the body’s cells

Question 3

Where is almost all of the cholesterol made

Answer 3

Mostly in the liver

Question 4

What does cholesterol a role in

Answer 4

It plays a role in forming cell membranes, some hormones, and other needed tissues

Question 5

What is hyperlipidemia

Answer 5

An elevation of blood lipid levels
It is considered a risk factor for the following disorders;
Atherosclerosis, CAD, and thrombosis.

Question 6

What is the ideal total cholesterol level

Answer 6

Less than 200

Question 7

What is the ideal LDL level

Answer 7

100

Question 8

What is the ideal HDL level

Answer 8

40-59

Question 9

What are statins

Answer 9

They are drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels
Statins can lower LDL cholesterol levels by 20-60% when given at there maximum dose.
Statins also raise HDL levels by 5-10%
They also lower triglycerides by 10-33%

Question 10

Whatnots the prototype drug of statins

Answer 10

Lovastatin ( Mevacor)

Question 11

What does lovastatin do

Answer 11

It does not allow for the synthesis of cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase which is the enzyme that catalyzes cholesterol synthesis

Question 12

What are contraindications and precautions of lovastatin

Answer 12

Active liver disease

Pregnancy

Question 13

What are adverse effects of lovastatin

Answer 13

Muscle and joint aches, weakness, cramps, muscle damage, liver damage, and rhabdomyolysis ( destruction of muscle tissue which will destroy the kidney.)
Impotence is also a problem

Question 14

What pregnancy category is lovastatin

Answer 14

X

Question 15

What labs should be checked when administering lovastatin

Answer 15

Creatinine levels for muscle destruction

Question 16

How can one maximize the therapeutic effects of lovastatin

Answer 16

It is most effective when taken at night because cholesterol is synthesized at night
Immediate release is given after the evening meal
Extended release given at bedtime

Question 17

What should a nurse remember about lovastatin

Answer 17

Warn pt that urine may become brown

Avoid direct sunlight

Question 18

How can minimize adverse effects of lovastatin

Answer 18

Liver function tests ( AST, ALT) results should be monitored before starting therapy
Evaluate the pt carefully for muscle soreness, tenderness, or pain and CK ( creatinine kinase) levels.

Question 19

What is ezetimibe ( Zetia)

Answer 19

An anti lipid drug that is used to treat hypercholesterolemia
It’s pediatric use is limited to children older than 10.
It is given orally Qday
It reduces LDL but has no effect on HDL or triglycerides

Question 20

What is nicotinic acid ( niacin, vitamin B3)

Answer 20

It is used to treat hyperlipidemia

It lowers triglycerides and LDL while increasing HDLs.

Question 21

What are contraindications of nicotinic acid ( niacin, vitamin B3)

Answer 21

Hepatic dysfunction 
Active peptic ulcer disease
Severe hypotension
And  hemorrhaging 
Larger doses produce peripheral vasodilation mostly in the cutaneous vessels of the face, neck, and chest.

Question 22

What are bile acid sequestrants

Answer 22

Cholestyramine ( LoCholest, Questran, Prevalite) and colestipol ( Colestid) are used to reduce elevated serum cholesterol levels in ppl with primary hypercholesterolemia who have not responded to other therapies.
They are not absorbed orally but work in the GI tract.
It reduces LDL noticeably within 4-7 days
It hey promote oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids