Ch 17 Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders & Dementia Flashcards
What is the primary neurotransmitter related to thought processing?
Dopamine
It is secreted by neurons originating in the midbrain that function in coordination, emotion, and voluntary decision making.
What is the highest functional area of the brain
The cerebrum it is concerned with activities such as creative thought judgment memory and reason it is divided into two hemispheres
What secretes acetylcholine?
Many areas of the brains secrete acetylcholine.
Reductions in the amount of this neurotransmitter result in cognitive changes.
What are the functions of acetylcholine?
Acetylcholine has a number of functions including arousal, coordination of movement, memory acquisition and memory retention.
What is schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a particular kind of psychosis that is characterized. Mainly by a clear sensorium but a marked disturbance in thinking
It is a complex illness with uncertain etiology.
Schizophrenia interferes with a persons ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, and relate to others.
It is considered to have multiple causes.
What is dementia?
It is a clinical syndrome of progressive, degenerative loss of memory & one of more of theses abilities;
1. Language skills
2. Higher level skills such as judgement, comprehension, problem solving.
3. Ability to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
4. Ability to perform motor skills.
Mood and behavior may also be affected in dementia
Agitation or withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, insomnia, emotional apathy and loss of inhibitions are also common.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
It is one form of progressive dementia
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among ppl 65 & older
It can cause a gross, diffuse atrophy of the cerebral cortex
It is assoc with extra cellular plaques with beta- amyloid protein deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortical neurons.
It typically begins with short term memory loss.
What is vascular dementia?
Vascular dementia results from damage to brain tissues caused by cerebrovascular events such as transient ischemic attacks.
The areas that experience infarcts are assoc with specific neurological functions. Although vascular dementias and AD differ in cause, many of the symptoms are similar.
What are other things that dementia can be caused from?
It can also be caused by a variety of medical conditions
The primary mechanism of diagnosis is the presence of or a. Opted history of either diseases such as, AIDS, PARKINSONS DISEASE, HUNTINGTON CHOREA, & others.
What are IRREVERSIBLE risk factors/ causes of dementia?
Age over 65 yrs Cerebral infarction or ischemia Diseases such as cardiovascular disorders type 1 diabetes Male gender Genetic factors
What are reversible risk factors / causes of dementia?
Depression
Diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipemia, hypertension, infections, metabolic disorders,nutritional disorders, toxins, trauma.
What is delirium?
Delirium is a sudden disruption in cognitive functioning, most often caused by physical changes in the body.
The physical changes prevents the brain from receiving some critical element that it needs to function efficiently.
There is a disturbance in the level of consciousness that comes and goes throughout the days or days When Delirium is present.
To treat delirium, the underlying cause must first be identified.
Typical antipsychotics
We’re the 1st antipsychotic drugs created.
They are sometimes referred to CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
What is the prototype drug of typical antipsychotics?
haloperidol (Haldol)
Name some typical antipsychotic drugs.
haloperidol fluphenazine (Prolixin) Loxapine perphenazine chlorpromazine thioridazine thiothixene
