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Bio 131 > Ch.3 Cell review > Flashcards

Ch.3 Cell review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

fluid bilayer of lipids (phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids). Selectively permeable.

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2
Q

Proteins

A

enzymes, receptors which mediate membrane transport functions

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3
Q

tight junctions are

A

impermeable

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4
Q

Gap junctions

A

allow cells to communicate

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5
Q

passive tranpsort

A

kinetic energy

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6
Q

active transport

A

ATP. Energy to transport substance across membrane

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7
Q

Diffusion

A

kinetic energy. down a concentration gradient.

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8
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

solutes across a membrane by their binding with a membrane carrier protein. kinetic energy (passive transport)

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of a solvent, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane. LOW TO HIGH water conc. but high to low solute conc. (SALT SUCKS).

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10
Q

hypertonic

A

loss of water from cells

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11
Q

hypotonic

A

gain of water to cells (lysis maybe)

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12
Q

primary active transport

A

sodium, potassium pump.

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13
Q

secondary active transport

A

symport or antiport.

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14
Q

symport

A

same direction across membrane (secondary active transport)

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15
Q

antiport

A

substances move in the opposite direction across membrane

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16
Q

phagocytosis

A

large particles. ingest or engulf particles. (vesicular transport)

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17
Q

pinocytosis

A

dissolved molecules. small particles across cell membrane

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18
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

engulf molecules attach to receptors on the membrane (active transport)

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19
Q

concentration and electrical gradients

A

determine diffusion

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20
Q

sodium is in

A

high extracellular conc. 3 pumped into extracellular

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21
Q

potassium is in

A

high intracellular conc. (membrane more permeable to potassium) 2 pumped into intracellular

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22
Q

membrane potential

A

established when K moving in and out of cell is the same

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23
Q

cytoplasm

A

consists of cytosol and all organelles. (Major functional area of the cell)

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24
Q

cytosol

A

fluid within cell

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25
Q

Mitochondria

A

ATP formation. Cellular respiration

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26
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA, protein synthesis

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27
Q

rough ER

A

protein modification

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28
Q

Vesicles

A

from the ER transport the proteins to other cell sites

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29
Q

Smooth ER

A

synthesizes lipids and steroid molecules. Detoxification, fat metabolism.

30
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages protein secretions for export

31
Q

Lysosomes

A

Hydrolases. Degrade worn out organelles, release ionic calcium.

32
Q

Preoxisomes

A

contain oxidase enzymes. protect cell from free radicals.

33
Q

cytoskeleton

A

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.

34
Q

microtubules

A

organize the cytoskeleton, intracellular transport.

35
Q

microfilaments

A

movement of cell parts (motility)

36
Q

intermediate filaments

A

connect other elements

37
Q

centrioles

A

mitotic spindle. cilia/ flagella

38
Q

microvilli

A

increase surface area

39
Q

nucleus

A

control centre

40
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane

41
Q

nucleoli

A

ribosome, synthesis

42
Q

Chromatin

A

proteins and DNA

43
Q

chromosomes

A

condensed chromatin

44
Q

cell cycle

A

events of cell till it divides

45
Q

interphase

A

centriole replication begins. DNA REPLICATES (G1, S, G2,)

46
Q

Cell division

A

consists of two distinct phases: mitosis and cytokenisis

47
Q

mitosis

A

nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT)

48
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm

49
Q

Gene

A

DNA provides instructions to synthesize one polypetide chain

50
Q

DNA transmits message to RNA via

A

ribosomes

51
Q

protein synthesis involves

A

transcription and translation

52
Q

transcription

A

synthesis of mRNA

53
Q

translation

A

reading of mRNA by tRNA. Peptide bonding of amino acid to polypeptide chain

54
Q

Cytosolic enzymes

A

degrade proteins

55
Q

apoptosis

A

dispose of damaged cells

56
Q

Acetyl COA

A

molecule used in metabolic process

57
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

cellular respiration that requires oxygen

58
Q

Anarobic

A

cell. respiration that doesn’t require oxygen

59
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosome move toward each pole of cell.

60
Q

cellular respiration

A

turns food into usable energy (ATP) glucose + oxygen => CO2 +H20 + ATP (energy)

61
Q

centrosome

A

during mitosis splits and moves to opp. poles of cell. regulates cell cycle.

62
Q

Electron transport chain

A

redox reaction (transfer electrons from electron donor to electron acceptor)

63
Q

Integral proteins

A

proteins permanently attached to membrane (transport channels). cell adhesion.

64
Q

Prophase

A

Strands of chromatin condense into chromosome.

65
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. chromosome replicate and form two sister chromatids.

66
Q

Telophase

A

cell has divided equally into two nuclei. Here we see cleavage furrow.

67
Q

phospholipids

A

choline, phosphate, glycerol, two fatty acids

68
Q

cholesterol

A

peripheral and integral proteins

69
Q

peripheral proteins

A

only attach for a short term to membrane (recognition sites)

70
Q

glycolipids

A

carbohydrate attached. provide energy.

71
Q

lipoproteins

A

allow fat to move inside and outside of the cell. contain both protein and lipids.

Bio 131 (8 decks)

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