Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 131 > Ch.11 The Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch.11 The Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nervous System

A

receive sensory input, interpret it,

and send out appropriate commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 interconnected functions:

A

sensory input, integration, motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory input

A

conduct signals from sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

integration

A

interpret sensory signals and formulation of response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor output

A

conduction of signals to effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CNS consists of:

A

brain, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PNS consists of:

A

cranial nerves, ganglia, spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CNS

A

interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PNS

A

relay messages. afferent (sensory info in) and efferent (motor commands out).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Efferent leads to:

A

somatic (voluntary movement) EAT A BANANA and autonomic (unconscious responses) DIGEST BANANA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

autonomic leads to :

A

parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (fight or flight/ getting excited)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two main cell types:

A

glial cells and neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glial cells (neuroglia)

A

supporting cells that wrap around neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurons

A

transmit electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CNS neuroglial cells (4 types):

A

Astrocytes, Microglial, Ependymal, Oligodendroctyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

astrocytes (star,big)

A

support, transport glucose, metabolize neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Microglial (small)

A

branched (processes). Immunity, macrophages (digest/ engulf/ breakdown)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ependymal

A

cilia, circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cuboidal columnar. (cushoning) inbetween skull and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

generates myelin sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PNS Neuroglial cells (2 types):

A

Shwann Cells, Satellite Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shwann cells: (no arms)

A

flattened cells, wrap around axons that form myelin sheath in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Satellite cells: (flat, no arms)

A

flattened cells surround cell bodies to provide support framework.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neurons

A

structural unit of nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurons consist of :

A

dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, cell body (nucleus/ nucleolus), axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cell body (soma/ perikaryon):

A

Amitotic nature (repair not divide), Axon hillock (axon originates), Neurofibrils (intermediate filaments maintain shape)

26
Q

dendrites:

A

short, branching, pass electrical impulse on to cell body. electrical signals passed along GRADED POTENTIAL.

27
Q

Axons:

A

slender long processes, conduct electrical impulses. (collaterals= side branches)

28
Q

Axons 2 movements:

A

anterograde (towards axon terminus), retrograde (towards cell body).

29
Q

synapse:

A

gap between dendrites of one neuron and axon terminals of another neuron

30
Q

Myelination:

A

myelin sheath (insulates to protect elecritcal impulse from shorting out). White matter.

31
Q

Two cells giving rise to myelin sheath:

A

shwann cells in PNS and Oligodendrocytes in CNS

32
Q

Nodes of Ranvier:

A

myelin sheath gaps

33
Q

structural classification (3):

A

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar.

34
Q

Multipolar

A

many dendrties, one axon (Most in CNS). purkinje fibres (heart), pyrimidal cells, granule.

35
Q

Bipolar

A

one fused dendrite and axon.

36
Q

Unipolar

A

one process emerging from cell body

37
Q

Nuclei:

A

CNS cluster of cell bodies on the neurons

38
Q

ganglia :

A

PNS cluster of cell bodies on the neurons

39
Q

Afferent

A

sensory

40
Q

Efferent

A

motor

41
Q

Interneurons

A

association neurons

42
Q

membrane ion channels:

A

leakage (always open), Gated Channels (chemically, voltage, mechanically)

43
Q

chemically gated channels:

A

open with the binding of specific neurotransmitters (sodium/ potassium)

44
Q

voltage gated channels:

A

open and close in response to membrane potential

45
Q

mechanically gated channels:

A

open and close to physically deformation of receptors

46
Q

resting membrane potential

A

K+ greater intracellular and membrane more permeable to K+ so “leaks” or diffuse out of cell. SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP (moves K+ back into cell) And sodium moves in (pump moves it out) . -70mv

47
Q

polar

A

unequal sharing of electrons. (opp charges at both ends)

48
Q

polarization:

A

-70mv (depolarization) -80mv (hyperpolarization) -60 (repolarization)

49
Q

2 types of electrical signals :

A

graded potential, action potentials

50
Q

graded potential

A

decreases with distance travelled.

51
Q

action potentials

A

occurs in muscle cells. always the same “wave” regardless of stimilus. (DOES NOT DECREASE OVER TIME) de-polarizing, hyperpolarizing, polarizaing.

52
Q

4 stages of action potential:

A

resting state, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

53
Q

Resting state:

A

Na and K channels closed. activation gates closed / inactivation gates open.

54
Q

Depolarization:

A

moving up. Na+permeability increases; membrane potential reverses. Na+ gates open; K+ gates remain closed.

55
Q

Repolarization:

A

dropping back down to close. Na+ gates close, K+ gates open.

56
Q

Hyperpolarization:

A

“undershoot” takes a little while to close. K+ gates close.

57
Q

propagation of action potential:

A

constantly being attracted to the negatives. impulses will only travel in one direction away from the trigger zone.

58
Q

speed up impulse:

A

temperature (warmer), myelin sheath (insulation/ prevent leakage), larger diameter

59
Q

Synapses

A

as

60
Q

neurotransmitters:

A

bind to receptors and trigger opening or closing of ion channels. Examples: Acetylcoholine, Dopamine, Serotoni, GABA, Epineprhine.

Bio 131 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions