Ch. 4 Histology

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 2

4 types of tissues:

Answer 2

Epithelial,(covers) Connective(supports), Muscle(moves), Nervous(controls)

Question 3

epithelial tissue:

Answer 3

tightly packed cells that cover body surface and line organs. (2 subtypes: covering and lining & glandular) SECRETION / ABSORPTION. PROTECTS.

Question 4

basement membrane

Answer 4

anchors epithelium to underlying tissue. (sticky polysaccharides)

Question 5

3 surfaces of epithelial tissue:

Answer 5

basal, apical, lateral. (can undergo mitosis to replace themselves)

Question 6

Epithelial tissue layers:

Answer 6

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

Question 7

simple E:

Answer 7

single layer of cells. (absorption / secretion)

Question 8

stratified E:

Answer 8

multiple layers (protection)

Question 9

pseudostratified E:

Answer 9

actually simple, appears stratified.

Question 10

Epithelial Shape:

Answer 10

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional. Keratinized, Ciliated, microvilli.

Question 11

Glandular Epithelial:

Answer 11

Endocrine and Exocrine glands.

Question 12

endocrine glands

Answer 12

ductless glands that produce hormones that get secreted.

Question 13

exocrine glands

Answer 13

secrete into skin or body cavities via ducts. Unicellular (Ductless). Multicellular (Ducts)

Question 14

Connective Tissue

Answer 14

sparse population of cells scattered through extracellular fluid.

Question 15

Main elements of connective:

Answer 15

ground substance, fibres, cells.

Question 16

ground substance C:

Answer 16

material between cells. (interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans)

Question 17

3 fibres of connective:

Answer 17

collagen, elastin, reticular.

Question 18

collagen fibres

Answer 18

tough, strong, protein collagen.

Question 19

elastin

Answer 19

stretch and recoil, protein elastin.

Question 20

reticular

Answer 20

collagen fibres (more give). Support

Question 21

Blast

Answer 21

immature.

Question 22

Cyte

Answer 22

mature.

Question 23

connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood.

Answer 23

fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoeitic stem cells.

Question 24

4 major groups of connective tissue:

Answer 24

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, vascualr connective tissue. (blood and lymph)

Question 25

Loose connective (3):

Answer 25

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular.

Question 26

Dense connective (3):

Answer 26

Elastic, Dense irregular, Dense regular.

Question 27

Cartilage: (3)

Answer 27

(Hyaline, Elastic, Fibroelastic) Solid rubbery matrix containing collagen fibres.

Question 28

Bone:

Answer 28

calcium/ osteocytes.

Question 29

Blood:

Answer 29

Atypical. Support. (erythrocytes, leukocytes, blood plasma)

Question 30

Muscle tissue (Skeletal):

Answer 30

Muscle fibres, myofilaments, Long & cylindrical. CONTROLS MOVEMENT. found in skeletal muscles that attach to bone or skin.

Question 31

Muscle tissue (Cardiac):

Answer 31

Branching, intercalated discs. Found in walls of heart. Propels blood into circulation.

Question 32

Muscle tissue (smooth):

Answer 32

central nuclei, propels substances along internal passageways (peristalsis). INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT / MUSCLE. found in walls of hollow organs.

Question 33

Nervous tissue:

Answer 33

SUPPORT CELLS. transmit nerve impulses. Consists of dendrties and axons. (found in brain, spinal cord.)

Question 34

Epithlium layer is where to Connective?

Answer 34

Epithelial layer bound to an underlying layer of connective tissue

Question 35

cutaneous membrane:

Answer 35

skin. Keratinized stratified squamous. firmly attached to dermis .

Question 36

Mucous membrane:

Answer 36

line all body cavities open to the outside. (digestive, respiratory, urinary)

Question 37

Serous membrane:

Answer 37

moist membranes lining ventral body cavities. Pleurae(covers lungs and thoracic walls), Pericardium(encloses the heart), Peritonium(abdomniopelvic viscera).

Question 38

Tissue repair: (2)

Answer 38

Regeneration(replaces with same tissue), Fibrosis (profilerates to form scar tissue.)